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L4.Atomic Structure 1

The document outlines the basic structure of an atom, detailing the mass and charge of its fundamental particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. It explains the concepts of isotopes, ions, and valence electrons, as well as the significance of the atomic number and average atomic mass. Additionally, it describes the arrangement of electrons in energy levels and the distinction between the nucleus and the electron cloud.

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4 views6 pages

L4.Atomic Structure 1

The document outlines the basic structure of an atom, detailing the mass and charge of its fundamental particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. It explains the concepts of isotopes, ions, and valence electrons, as well as the significance of the atomic number and average atomic mass. Additionally, it describes the arrangement of electrons in energy levels and the distinction between the nucleus and the electron cloud.

Uploaded by

rohanjacob785
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Atomic Structure
PARTICLE MASS CHARGE
ELECTRON Virtually none Negative
PROTON 1 AMU Positive
NEUTRON 1 AMU (slightly more neutral
massive than proton)

• In a neutral atom, the # of electrons must


equal the # of protons
• The identity of the atom is based on the #
of protons
Atomic Structure
• When atoms of the same element contain
different #s of neutrons they are called
isotopes
• A neutral atom has an overall charge of zero
• When an atom loses or gains electrons, an
ion forms.
– A cation forms when an atom loses
electrons (+ve charge)
– An anion forms when an atom gains
electrons (-ve charge)
• Valence electrons are the
electrons in the outer most energy
level.
Atomic Structure NUCLEUS
4th energy level (32 e-) • Contains
3rd energy level (18 e-) Protons (p+) and
2nd energy level (8 e-) Neutrons (n)
1st energy level (2 e-) • Characterizes the
mass of an atom

ELECTRON CLOUD
• Region around
nucleus where
electrons (e-) move
• Characterizes the
volume of an atom
Atomic Number:
# of protons in
nucleus (also the #
6 of electrons if
neutral)

C
Chemical Symbol:
abbreviation for
the name of an
element (1st letter
caps, 2nd letter
lower case)
Average Atomic
12.011 Mass: average
mass of the
mixture of isotopes

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