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XMLLec 1

The document provides an introduction to XML, covering its definition, syntax, and components such as elements, attributes, and comments. It discusses DTD and XML Schema for defining rules and structure, as well as XML Query Languages like XQuery for querying XML data. Additionally, it explains how XML is supported in Oracle databases and outlines the use of JDBC for database connectivity.

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10 views22 pages

XMLLec 1

The document provides an introduction to XML, covering its definition, syntax, and components such as elements, attributes, and comments. It discusses DTD and XML Schema for defining rules and structure, as well as XML Query Languages like XQuery for querying XML data. Additionally, it explains how XML is supported in Oracle databases and outlines the use of JDBC for database connectivity.

Uploaded by

indrajeet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to XML

CS348 Information System


Guest Lecture
Hazem
Elmeleegy
Outline
 What is XML?
 Syntax of XML Document
 DTD (Document Type Definition)
 XML Schema
 XML Query Language
 XML Databases
 Oracle JDBC
Introduction to XML
 XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language
 XML was designed to describe data.
 XML tags are not predefined unlike HTML
 XML DTD and XML Schema define rules to describe data

 XML example of semi structured data


Building Blocks of XML
 Elements (Tags) are the primary components of XML
documents.
<AUTHOR id = 123> Element FNAME nested inside
<FNAME> JAMES</FNAME> element Author.
Element <LNAME> RUSSEL</LNAME>

Author with
</AUTHOR> <!- I am comment ->

Attr id

 Attributes provide additional information about Elements.


Values of the Attributes are set inside the Elements
 Comments stats with <!- and end with ->
XML DTD
 A DTD is a set of rules that allow us to specify
our own set of elements and attributes.
 DTD is grammar to indicate what tags are
legal in XML documents. c
 XML Document is valid if it has an attached DTD and
document is structured according to rules defined in DTD.
DTD Example
<BOOKLIST> <!DOCTYPE BOOKLIST[
<BOOK GENRE = “Science” <!ELEMENT BOOKLIST(BOOK)*> <!
FORMAT = “Hardcover”> ELEMENT BOOK(AUTHOR)>
<AUTHOR> <!ELEMENT
AUTHOR(FIRSTNAME,LASTNAME)>
<FIRSTNAME>
RICHRD <!ELEMENT FIRSTNAME(#PCDATA)>
</FIRSTNAME> <!ELEMENT>LASTNAME(#PCDATA)>
<LASTNAME> KARTER <!ATTLIST BOOK GENRE (Science|
</LASTNAME> Fiction)#REQUIRED>
</AUTHOR> <!ATTLIST BOOK FORMAT
(Paperback|Hardcover)
</BOOK> “PaperBack”>]>
</BOOKS>
Xml Document And
Corresponding DTD
XML Schema
 Serves same purpose as database schema
 Schemas are written in XML
 Set of pre-defined simple types (such as string, integer)

 Allows creation of user-defined complex


types
XML Schema
 RDBMS Schema (s_id integer, s_name string, s_status string)
 XMLSchema

<xs:schema>
<Students> <xs:complexType name = “StudnetType”>
<Student id=“p1”> <xs:attribute name=“id” type=“xs:string” />
<xs:element name=“Name” type=“xs:string />
<Name>Allan</Name>
<xs:element name=“Age” type=“xs:integer” />
<Age>62</Age> <xs:element name=“Email” type=“xs:string” />
<Email>[email protected] </xs:complexType>
<xs:element name=“Student” type=“StudentType” />
</Email> </xs:schema>
</Student>
</Students>

XML Document and Schema


XML Query Languages
 Requirement
Same functionality as database query
languages (such as SQL) to process Web
data
 Advantages
 Query selective portions of the document (no
need to transport entire document)
 Smaller data size mean lesser
communication cost
XQuery
 XQuery to XML is same as SQL to
RDBMS
 Most databases supports XQuery
 XQuery is built on XPath operators
(XPath is a language that defines path
expressions to locate document data)
XPath Example
<Student id=“s1”>
<Name>John</Name>
<Age>22</Age>
<Email>[email protected]</Email>
</Student>
XPath: /Student[Name=“John”]/Email
Extracts: <Email> element with value
“[email protected]”
Oracle and XML
 XML Support in Oracle

XDK (XML Developer Kit)


XML Parser for PL/SQL
XPath
XSLT
Oracle and XML
 XML documents are stored as XML Type ( data type
for XML ) in Oracle
 Internally CLOB is used to store XML
 To store XML in database create table with one
XMLType column
 Each row will contain one of XML records from XML
document
 Database Table: XML Document
 Database Row : XML Record
Examples
<Patients>
<Patient id=“p1”>
<Name>John</Name>
<Address>
<Street>120 Northwestern Ave</Street>
</Address>
</Patient>
<Patient id=“p2”>
<Name>Paul</Name>
<Address>
<Street>120 N. Salisbury</Street>
</Address>
</Patient>
</Patients>
Example
 Create table prTable(patientRecord XMLType);
 DECLARE
 prXML CLOB;
 BEGIN
 -- Store Patient Record XML in the CLOB variable
 prXML := '<Patient id=“p1">
 <Name>John</Name>
 <Address>
 <Street>120 Northwestern Ave</Street>
 </Address>
 </Patient>‘ ;
 -- Now Insert this Patient Record XML into an XMLType column
 INSERT INTO prTable (patientRecord) VALUES
(XMLTYPE(prXML));
 END;
Example
TO PRINT PATIENT ID of ALL PATIENTS

SELECT
EXTRACT(p.patientRecord,
'/Patient/@id').getStringVal()
FROM prTable p;

USE XPATH
Oracle JDBC
 JDBC an API used for database connectivity
 Creates Portable Applications
 Basic Steps to develop JDBC Application
 Import JDBC classes (java.sql.*).
 Load JDBC drivers
 Connect and Interact with database
 Disconnect from database
Oracle JDBC
 DriverManager provides basic services to
manage set of JDBC drivers
 Connection object sends queries to database
server after a connection is set up
 JDBC provides following three classes for
sending SQL statements to server
 Statement SQL statements without parameters
 PreparedStatement SQL statements to be executed multiple times with different parameters
 CallableStatement Used for stored procedures
Oracle JDBC
 SQL query can be executed using any of the
objects.
(Statement,PreparedStatement,CallableStatement)
 Syntax (Statement Object )
Public abstract ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws
SQLException
 Syntax (PreparedStatement,CallableStatement Object )
Public abstract ResultSet executeQuery() throws SQLException
 Method executes SQL statement that returns
ResultSet object (ResultSet maintains cursor
pointing to its current row of data. )
Oracle JDBC (Example)
Import java.sql.*;
Import java.io;
Class simple{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
Connection conn=null;
try{
String conStr = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@oracle.cs.purdue.edu:1521:orb";
DriverManager.registerDriver(new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver());
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(conStr,”username”,”passwd");
Statement cursor = conn.createStatement(); // Connection Est.
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery(“Select* from table_name”);
while(orset.next()){
System.out.println(“Printing column name ”+orest.getStringVal(1));
}
}Catch(ClassNotFoundException e){}
cursor.close();
conn.close();
}
}
References
 [1] Database Management Systems by Ramakrishnan and Gehrke
Thank You

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