Session 2

ANSC01- Principles of
Animal Science
Ramquel P. Tendido
Instructor I
College of Agriculture-Department of Animal Science
Role of Man
Genesis 1:28-29
God blessed them and said to them ‘Be fruitful and increase in number;
fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in
the sky and over every living creatures that moves on the ground”
Then God said ‘ I give you every seed bearing-plant on the face of the
whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be
yours for food.
Role of Animal Scientist
• Animal scientists applies the principles of
biological, physical, and social sciences to
the problems associated with livestock
production and management
• Animal scientists typically conduct
research on domestic farm animals. With
a focus on food production, they explore
animal genetics, nutrition, reproduction,
diseases, growth, and development. They
work to develop efficient ways to produce
and process meat, poultry, eggs, and milk.
Courtesy to the rightful owner
Terminologies
• Abbatoir- slaughterhouse
• Abrassion- tear in the skin due to friction of rubbing
• Acclimitization- adjustment of the breeding pig to the conditions
prevailing on the farm to which it has been introduced to enable it to
perform at optimum standards.
• Acute- referring to a disease which has a rapid onset, short course
and pronounced signs
Terminologies
• Agalactia- absence of milk; failure to secrete milk after birth
• Anemia- reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying
blood)
• Animal Agriculture-production and use of animals for human
consumption
• Antibiotic- a chemical substance derived from a mold or bacteria that
inhibits the growth of other microrganisms
• Antibody- a protein substance developed or synthesize by lymphoid
tissues of the body in response to an antigenic stimulus. Animal must
have an encounter with the pathogen/antigen before a specific
antibody is developed in its blood.
• Antigen- a high molecular weight substance which when foreign to
the bloodstream of an animal, stimulate formulation of specific
antibody and reacts.
• Artificial Selection- Human selection of human animals for
reproducing based on selected traits that are desirable.
• Average Daily Gain- the average increase in weight of an animal per
day.
• Avian- bird species
• Barrow- a castrated male pig/swine for fattening
• Biotechnology- use of living organisms to make or modify products
and increase reproduction
Boar- sexually matured uncastrated male pig, at least 8 months old.
Bovine- cattle
Breed- animals in same species but differ from others within same
species (Dog vs Boxer vs Great Dane)
Breeder- animals use for reproduction, such as sows, gilts and boars
Brisket- meat from pigs chest
Bull- a mature male cattle
• Caprine- goat
• Chronic- referring to a disease condition that is long lasting and
continuous
• Colostrum- the first milk secreted from the breast occurring shortly
after or sometimes before giving birth. It contains serum, white blood
cells and antibodies.
• Conception- the act of getting pregnant
• Conception rate- percentage of sows that becomes pregnant after
service/insemination
• Cow- a mature female cattle
• Chyptorchidism- most frequently encountered genital defect of male
piglets whereby the testes failed to descend from the abdominal
cavity into the scrotum.
• Culling- the removal of undesirable or unproductive animals within
the herds (noun-cull)
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)-complex molecule with code of physical
characteristics
• Diet/Ration- a selection or combination of different feed stuffs
provided on a continuous schedule.
• Digestible energy- gross energy – fecal energy
• Dress weight- carcass weight; weight after slaughtering and removal
of entrails.
• Docileness- animals that can be easily controlled; quiet
• Dry period- the time interval from weaning to the next conception
• Dry sow- unbred sows which have just been weaned; non pregnant
sows
• Domestic animal- thrives in environment of close human contact.
Breed over generations to benefit humans.
• Drylot- do not contain grass for grazing
• Dunging area- where fatteners are supposed to defecate
• Dyspnoea- difficulty in breathing
• Dystocia- difficulty in farrowing
• Edema –swelling part of the body due to accumulation of excess
water
• Electrolytes- a liquid solution or fresh salt
• Energy- vigor or power in action
• Enzootic- endemic; a disease of animals which indigenous to a certain
locality
• Epinephrine- a hormone responsible for ‘fight and flight’ reaction
• Equine- horse
• Ethology- study of animals behavior and well-being as related to
environment
• Estrus Cycle- the period intervening between 2 successive heat
periods on the absence of pregnancy
• Estrus Period- the time during which the animals, for instance the
sow, will accept the boar; also known as heat period
• Estrus- the time of sexual receptivity for female animals
• Euthanasia- “mercy-killing’’
• Farrowing- the act of giving birth in pigs
• Farrow-to –finish- breeds and raises pigs through market weight at
same location
• Feeder pig operation- from weaning to finishing to market
• Farrowing crate- an equipment where a sow I placed before farrowing
till weaning to avoids crushing their piglets
• Farrowing interval- period from one farrowing to the next.
• Fattener- a pig raised for pork/meat purposes; their weight usually
starts from 15-20kg.
• Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)- the amount of feeds needed to convert
into 1 kg of gain in weight.
• Feed trough- a device where feeds are placed for consumption.
• Feedstuff- any material suitable for animal feeds.
• Finisher Feed- feeds given to fatteners of 60kg until it reaches the
market weight; contains 14% Crude Protein.
• Finishers- pigs which are 60kg above.
• Flushing- giving of excess amounts of feeds to the gilts/sows prior to
breeding;usually last for 3-19 days.
• Growers- pigs from 30-60 kg.
• Hernia- a protrusion of an organ
• Hybrid- animal that posses hybrid vigor/heterosis resulting from
crossing of different breeds. (high breed)
• Hypogalactia- presence of little amount of milk
• Insemination- deposition of seminal fluid within the vagina
• Iodine- type of disinfectant typically used as an antiseptic.
• Lactation period- the period from farrowing to weaning; when the
sow is nursing the piglets.
• Lactation- production of milk
• Leptospirosis- an infectious disease which begins with a fever and
may affect liver
• Libido- sex drive
• Litter size- number of farrowing of one sow per year
• Litter size- number of all piglets born in one farrowing
• Mange- parasite
• Market weight- final weight of pig before slaughtering
• Mastitis- inflammation of mammary gland
• Morbidity- number of animals affected by certain diseases
• Mortality (%)- number of dead
• Necropsy- an examination of the internal organs of the dead animals
to determine the cause of death
• Nutrients- the chemical substance found in feed necessary for
maintenance, production and health of animals.
• Ovulation- the process of releasing the ova from each ripe follicle
inside the ovary
• Placenta- the organ of metabolic interchange between the fetus and
the mother animals
• Pre-Starter Feed- feeds given to piglets at 14-21 days old; CP 20%
• Progeny- offspring
• Repeaters- bred sows coming back into heat after failing.
• Runt- a piglet of small size compared to its littermates
• Snout- nose of a pig
• Sow- female pig
• Still-born- fully developed baby animals which was born dead
• Udder- composed of teats
• Ventilation – system of ensuring fresh air inside
• Weaner- an animal which has been separated from its mother to
become a fully matured piglet
Thank you!
-Ram