IMPROPER WASTE

DISPOSAL
In Barangay
Tinago, Bayawan City, Negros Oriental
 Short Community Background
• Barangay Tinago, established as a small community in 1956,
has grown from a remote and sparsely populated area into
one of the busiest barangays in Bayawan City, Negros
Oriental.
• Its name, which means "hidden," originated from the phrase
“Didto sa daghang Tinago”, referring to cockfighting derbies
organized by Mr. Rosaleo Tumlad, the president of the early
community organization Kapunungan.
• Over time, the name stuck and became the official title of the
barangay.
• The barangay has developed significantly with facilities
such as a barangay hall, a daycare center, a chapel, and a
multi-purpose stage, all built through collective efforts in
the spirit of "Bayanihan.“
• The community celebrates its annual fiesta every May 20 in
honor of their patron saint, the Mother of Perpetual Help,
accompanied by the vibrant Kapuw Festival. The barangay
has also developed key facilities, including a barangay hall,
daycare center, multi-purpose stage, and a semi-concrete
chapel.
• As of 2018, Barangay Tinago's population is 2,424 with a density of 51
persons per hectare. Males slightly outnumber females, and the
majority of residents fall within the 5-29 age group. The community is
predominantly Roman Catholic (85%), with Cebuano as the primary
dialect. Despite a negative growth rate of -0.2%, Tinago remains a vital
area, strategically located along the National Highway and comprising
both commercial and residential zones.
• One of the major challenges faced by Barangay Tinago is improper
waste disposal, especially in Purok 7, where mixed waste is often
discarded despite educational campaigns (IEC initiatives) promoting
proper waste segregation. This issue persists despite the community's
growing discipline in waste management, highlighting the need for
stricter enforcement and consistent public education.
IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL
IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL
 Discarding waste in unauthorized
areas such as streets, public
spaces, or illegal dump sites
rather than through official waste
management systems.
DOCUMENTATION AFTER CONDUCTING AN INTERVIEW
WITH BARANGAY CAPTAIN
Hon. Maria Gina Asuncion Capulso Ingan
IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL in Purok 7
IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL in Purok 7
IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL in Purok 7
VALIDATING VARIABLES
VALIDATING VARIABLES
• Littering • Environmental Damage
• Illegal Dumping • Public Health Issues
• Waste Management • Hazardous Waste
• Waste Disposal • Waste Incidents
Infrastructure • Illegal Dump Sites
• Trash Bins • Waste Generation
• Waste Collection • Solid Waste
• Sanitation Services • Landfills
• Street Cleanliness
VALIDATING VARIABLES
• Recycling Programs • Community Behavior
• Proper Waste Segregation Change
• Waste Disposal Compliance • Public Awareness
• Regulation Enforcement • Waste Education
• Ethical Behavior • Community Social Behavior
• Public Discipline
• Government Support
• Waste Management
Innovation
MEANING AND MEASUREMENTS
OF THE VARIABLES
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Improper Waste Disposal
Meaning: Discarding waste in unauthorized
areas such as streets, public spaces, or illegal
dump sites rather than through official waste
management systems.
Measurement: The number of illegal dumping
incidents reported per year (e.g., by local
authorities or through public complaints).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Littering
Meaning: The act of leaving trash or waste improperly in public spaces,
often intentionally.
Measurement: The amount of litter collected per month (e.g., weight or
volume of litter removed from public areas like streets or parks).

Illegal Dumping
Meaning: The unlawful disposal of waste in unauthorized areas, such as
vacant lots, highways, or open fields.
Measurement: The number of illegal dumping sites identified per year.
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Waste Management
Meaning: The process of collecting, transporting, processing, recycling, and
disposing of waste materials.
Measurement: The percentage of waste collected and properly processed (e.g.,
proportion of waste diverted from landfills through recycling, composting, etc.).

Waste Management Infrastructure

Meaning: The facilities and systems (e.g., bins, landfills, recycling centers)
designed to manage and process waste.
Measurement: The number of waste disposal facilities available (e.g., trash bins,
recycling centers, or landfill sites per capita or per area).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Trash Bins
Meaning: Publicly accessible containers for the collection and disposal of
waste.
Measurement: The number of trash bins per capita (e.g., total number of bins
relative to the population served).

Waste Collection
Meaning: The process of gathering waste from designated locations and
transporting it for disposal or recycling.
Measurement: The frequency of waste collection (e.g., number of times per
week waste is collected from households or public spaces).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Sanitation Services
Meaning: Services related to the maintenance of public cleanliness, including
street cleaning and waste treatment.
Measurement: The percentage of streets cleaned per month (proportion of
streets cleaned compared to total streets requiring cleaning).

Street Cleanliness
Meaning: The level of cleanliness in public spaces, such as streets and
sidewalks, as impacted by litter and waste.
Measurement: The cleanliness index score (typically a score from 1-10
assessing the cleanliness of streets based on visual inspections).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Environmental Damage
Meaning: Harm caused to ecosystems (water, soil, air) due to improper waste
disposal, including pollution.
Measurement: The volume of waste polluting natural areas (e.g., number of
kilograms or tons of waste found in rivers, oceans, or forests per year).

Public Health Issues

Meaning: Health problems caused by exposure to improperly disposed waste,
such as diseases from contaminated water or air.
Measurement: The number of health complaints related to waste (e.g., number
of reported cases of respiratory issues, skin conditions, or waterborne diseases).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Hazardous Waste
Meaning: Waste that is dangerous to human health or the environment, such
as chemicals, medical waste, or toxic materials.
Measurement: The volume of hazardous waste generated (e.g., number of
tons or cubic meters of hazardous waste produced annually).

Waste Incidents
Meaning: Incidents involving waste, such as hazardous waste spills, fires, or
leaks that have environmental or health impacts.
Measurement: The number of waste-related incidents (e.g., number of
hazardous waste spills, fires, or public health crises caused by waste).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Illegal Dump Sites
Meaning: Locations where waste is disposed of illegally, often in remote or
inappropriate areas.
Measurement: The number of illegal dump sites discovered per year (count of
new unauthorized dumping locations identified).

Waste Generation
Meaning: The amount of waste produced by households, businesses, or
industries.
Measurement: The total waste generated per capita (e.g., number of kilograms
or pounds of waste produced per person annually).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Solid Waste
Meaning: Non-liquid waste generated, such as packaging, food scraps, and
household refuse.
Measurement: The total solid waste produced (e.g., number of tons of solid
waste generated in a specific area per year).

Landfills
Meaning: Designated sites for the disposal of waste, where waste is buried
and managed.
Measurement: The amount of waste sent to landfills (e.g., number of tons of
waste disposed of in landfills annually).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Recycling Programs
Meaning: Programs aimed at collecting and processing recyclables to
reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills.
Measurement: The recycling rate (percentage of total waste that is recycled
instead of being sent to landfills).

Proper Waste Segregation

Meaning: The practice of separating waste into categories such as
recyclables, compostables, and non-recyclables.
Measurement: The percentage of waste properly segregated (fraction of
total waste that is correctly sorted).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Regulation Enforcement
Meaning: The enforcement of laws and policies designed to ensure proper
waste disposal and management.
Measurement: The number of enforcement actions (e.g., number of fines,
warnings, or penalties imposed for non-compliance with waste regulations).

Ethical Behavior
Meaning: The moral responsibility of individuals and businesses to dispose of
waste properly and sustainably.
Measurement: The public perception of ethical waste disposal practices
(measured through surveys or public behavior studies).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Public Discipline
Meaning: The degree to which the public adheres to waste management rules and
norms without external enforcement.
Measurement: The frequency of self-reported adherence to waste management rules
(measured through surveys or observational studies).

Public Awareness
Meaning: The general knowledge and understanding of waste management practices
and the importance of proper waste disposal.
Measurement: The public awareness score (percentage of the population aware of
waste management issues, measured through surveys).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Waste Education
Meaning: Programs designed to educate the public on how to reduce, recycle,
and dispose of waste properly.
Measurement: The number of waste education programs conducted (e.g.,
number of workshops, seminars, or campaigns).

Government Support
Meaning: The financial, policy, or infrastructural support provided by the
government to improve waste management systems.
Measurement: The government budget allocated for waste management (total
financial resources dedicated to waste management programs).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
Waste Management Innovation
Meaning: The introduction of new technologies, methods, or systems designed to
improve waste management efficiency and effectiveness.
Measurement: The number of new waste management innovations implemented
(e.g., number of new recycling technologies, waste-to-energy solutions).

Community Behavior Change

Meaning: The shift in community practices and attitudes toward more sustainable
waste management and reduction practices.
Measurement: The percentage of community participation in waste reduction
programs (e.g., number of residents involved in recycling or waste reduction
activities).
MEANING & MEASUREMENTS OF THE VARIABLES
• Community Social Behavior
Meaning: It refers to the collective actions and attitudes of residents
toward waste disposal, highlighting the disconnect between their
awareness of environmental and health impacts and their actual
practices.
Measurement: Measured through surveys or observational studies to
quantify adherence to waste management guidelines.
CAUSAL LOOP
 WASTE IMPROPER
WASTE PUBLIC ETHICAL WASTE
COLLECTION
MANAGEMENT LANDFILLS WASTE
AWARENESS
INNOVATION DISPOSAL BEHAVIOR INCIDENTS

COMMUNITY
BEHAVIOR
ILLEGAL
CHANGE DUMPING

PROPER WASTE WASTE

SEGREGATION GENERATION

PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC

ISSUES DISCIPLINE

WASTE
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE

GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENTAL
SUPPORT DAMAGE

WASTE
REGULATION
DISPOSAL
ENFORCEMENT
COMPLIANCE

ILLEGAL SANITATION
DUMP SITES SERVICES

WASTE SOLID HAZARDOUS TRASH STREET RECYCLING

EDUCATION WASTE
LITTERING CLEANLINESS PROGRAMS
WASTE BINS
REINFORCING LOOP
 More Community Social More Improper Waste
Behavior leads to More Disposal leads to More
Improper Waste Disposal. IMPROPER Littering.
WASTE
DISPOSAL

R
COMMUNITY
SOCIAL LITTERING
More BEHAVIOR
Waste More
Generation Littering
leads to leads to
More More Illegal
Environ- ILLEGAL Dumping.
WASTE
mental DUMPING
GENERATION
Damage.
ILLEGAL
DUMPING
SITES
More Illegal Dumping Sites leads More Illegal Dumping leads to
to More Waste Generation. More Illegal Dumping Sites.
BALANCING LOOP
More Community Behavior More Improper Waste Disposal
Change leads to Less Improper leads to More Regulation
Waste Disposal. Enforcement.
IMPROPER
WASTE
DISPOSAL

COMMUNIT
More
Regulation

B
More Public Y REGULATION
Awareness BEHAVIOR ENFORCEMENT Enforcement
CHANGE leads to More
leads to
More Waste
Community Management
Behavior Infrastructure.
Change. PUBLIC WASTE
AWARENES MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTUR
S
E

WASTE
EDUCATION
More Waste Education leads
More Waste Management Infrastructure
to More Public Awareness.
leads to More Waste Education.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the • Our findings • The Improper Recommendations:
underlying indicate that the waste disposal 1. Strengthen Regulation
causes of issue of Enforcement
improper waste in Barangay
improper waste • Enhance monitoring and
disposal in disposal in Tinago reflects
Barangay a gap in penalize illegal dumping
Tinago, and how Barangay and improper waste
do these factors Tinago arises community disposal activities.
contribute to the from a discipline,
combination of • Assign dedicated waste
persistence of awareness, management officers to
this issue? behavioral, and
infrastructural, oversee compliance in
and systemic infrastructure problematic areas like
factors. development. Purok 7.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the • Using the • While some 2. Improve Waste
underlying identified progress has been Management
causes of variables as a made through
improper waste framework, the public education, Infrastructure
disposal in key causes and the lack of • Install additional trash
Barangay comprehensive bins and ensure these
Tinago, and how contributing waste
do these factors factors are as management
are placed
contribute to the follows: infrastructure, strategically in all
persistence of  Community insufficient puroks.
this issue? Behavior and
Public
enforcement
regulations, and
of • Increase the
Awareness irregular
frequency and
collection services reliability of waste
exacerbate the collection services.
problem.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the  Community
underlying Behavior and
• This results in
environmental
• Establish
causes of
improper waste
Public Awareness:
 Insufficient degradation, community-
disposal in
public discipline
and ethical
public health based recycling
risks, and
Barangay
Tinago, and how
behavior toward
waste disposal reduced street programs and
do these factors 
practices.
Limited
cleanliness. A encourage
contribute to the
persistence of
community
behavior
holistic and
sustained effort
waste
this issue? change despite
educational is needed to segregation at
campaigns on
proper waste
address these the household
issues
segregation and
waste disposal effectively. level.
compliance.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the • Waste
underlying Management
3. Expand Waste
causes of Infrastructure: Education and
 Inadequate
improper waste
disposal in trash bins and Public Awareness
Barangay
collection
points in critical • Launch targeted
Tinago, and how areas, such as campaigns to
do these factors Purok 7,
contribute to the hinder proper educate residents
persistence of waste disposal.
 Irregular waste on proper waste
this issue? collection and segregation and
insufficient
sanitation the dangers of
services lead
to the illegal dumping.
accumulation
of solid waste.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the  Regulation and
underlying Enforcement: • Integrate waste
causes
improper
of  Weak
enforcement of
education into
waste waste disposal school
disposal in
Barangay
regulations allows
illegal dumping curriculums and
Tinago, and
how do these
and littering to
persist. use community
factors
contribute to
• Lack of penalties
and monitoring for
leaders to
the illegal dumping
and hazardous
spread
persistence of
this issue? waste disposal. awareness.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the 
underlying
Environmental
Damage Impact: • Promote ethical
causes
improper waste
of
 Illegal dump
sites and
improper waste
behavior
disposal in management
contribute to
through public
Barangay
Tinago, and how
environmental
damage and
recognition of
do these factors
contribute to the 
pollution.
The presence of
model citizens
persistence of unregulated
hazardous waste
or puroks that
this issue? poses risks to
public health,
maintain
including the
spread of
cleanliness.
diseases.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the  Government 4. Introduce Community
underlying causes Support and
of improper waste Behavior Change
disposal in Innovation: Initiatives
Limited funding
Barangay Tinago,
and how do these and lack of waste • Organize street clean-up
factors contribute to management drives and encourage
the persistence of innovation, such community participation.
this issue?
as recycling • Form waste
programs and management
sustainable waste committees in each
disposal solutions. purok to address
localized issues and
promote accountability.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. What are the  Government
underlying causes Support and • Implement
of improper waste
disposal in Innovation: rewards systems
Barangay Tinago,
and how do these
Limited funding
and lack of waste
for clean and
factors contribute to management compliant puroks
the persistence of
this issue?
innovation, such
as recycling
to incentivize
programs and participation.
sustainable waste
disposal solutions.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROBLEM FINDING CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION

1. What are the  Government 5. Leverage Government

underlying causes Support and Support and Innovation
of improper waste
disposal in Innovation: • Advocate for increased
Barangay Tinago, Limited funding funding and technical
and how do these and lack of waste support from the local
factors contribute to management government for waste
the persistence of innovation, such disposal infrastructure and
this issue?
as recycling services.
programs and • Explore waste
sustainable waste management innovations,
disposal solutions. such as composting,
recycling hubs, and eco-
friendly waste-to-energy
programs.
THANK YOU
and
God Bless.
 Group Member:
Cagbabanua, Vin Eugene
Faburada, Kristine Joy
Nillama, Pejay
Tabañag, Jelaica B.