Patterns of

Development
Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, we will be
able to:
• identify the different patterns of development;
• identify the features of each pattern of development;
• Recognize the transitions that signal each pattern of
development;
• Note the important parts of each pattern of
development; and
• Write paragraphs using different patterns of
development.
PATTERN OF DEVELOPMENT
- It is the logical arrangement of ideas.
- It helps you follow ideas easily and
understand text better.
- It helps you distinguish major details
from minor ones and predict ideas.
TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
1. DEFINITION
-It clarifies and explains concepts by
answering the question “What does it
mean?”
*Important Parts: term being defined
and its detailed definition
 SIGNAL WORDS for DEFINITION
is defined as means to define
as defined refers to to illustrate
Sample Text
Social engineering is defined as any method which
tricks people to share personal information through the
use of technology. The ‘social’ component in this scheme
means that there is reliance on various psychological
tricks and on the gullibility of users rather than technical
hacking. Social engineering also refers to various
malicious acts online , such as phishing, spamming, and
pretexting.
Individual Activity:
Write a 100-word definition paragraph
on the topic “Dinengdeng”. Use at
least 2 signal words.
TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
2. EXEMPLIFICATION
-It provides specific examples to expound
on a main idea.
* Important Parts: main idea and specific
examples
 SIGNAL WORDS for EXEMPLIFICATION
• after all • namely • for instance
• as an example • put another • in other
• consider the way words
following • specifically • in particular
• for example • stated • in short
• to clarify differently • to be specific
• that is • to illustrate
Sample Text
While the Internet offers so many benefits to man, it
also has its downsides. One of these is phishing, which
refers to the act of obtaining personal information, such
as passwords and credit card details, through online
means. In other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime.
As an example, let us consider the case of Mr. X. He
received an email stating that his Gmail account has been
compromised and that he needed to click a link to update
his personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his
personal information will be illegally acquired by
cybercriminals.
Individual Activity:
Write a 100-word exemplification
paragraph on the topic “Dangerous
Habits”. Use at least 3 signal words.
Write your word count at the bottom
of your paper and underline all the
signal words you used.
 TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
3. DESCRIPTION
-It provides details on the idea by using either a
sensory (5 senses) or spatial pattern (arrange
ideas by location or physical space).
* Important Parts: types of description used,
clustering of details, and progression of
description.
 SIGNAL WORDS for DESCRIPTION (Spatial)
• above • around • on
• across • away from • outside
• adjacent to • back of • to the right
• against • behind • over
• along • below • throughout
• alongside • beneath • in
• amidst • beside • by
• in front of • opposite to • down
• between • in front of • near
 SIGNAL WORDS for DESCRIPTION (Sensory)
• big • soft • pretty
• small • rough • unappealing
• red • smooth • aromatic
• yellow • savory • stinky
• long • bland • gigantic
• short • circular • minute
• stout • rectangular • bumpy
• thin • heavy • slow
• loud • light • fast
Sample Text
A laptop is one of the greatest inventions of the
modern era. It is a lightweight device that can save a vast
amount of information. The screen, touchpad, speakers,
keyboard, battery, and AC adapter are the basic parts of a
laptop. The most noticeable part of a laptop is its screen,
which is responsible for displaying information. Another
major component is the keyboard. On it are the keys
needed to enter data into the computer. Near the
keyboard you will find a smooth, rectangular surface
which acts like a desktop computer mouse – this is the
touchpad.
continuation…
At the bottom part of the touchpad, you will see
buttons that operate like a mouse button. Below the
keyboard and the touchpad, built into the laptop itself are
the speakers which allows you to hear sounds and music.
Found at the back of the keyboard is the battery; it serves
as the lifeline of the computer. Finally, a laptop also comes
with an AC adapter which charges the battery and serves
as the source of electric power when it is plugged in.
Individual Activity:
Write a 250-word description
paragraph on the topic “My Dream
House”. Use at least 10 sensory signal
words and 10 spatial signal words.
HOMEWORK

For your next activity, read

the whole chapter of
Genesis 3.
 TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
4. Narration/Process/Chronology
-It tells a story. It organizes ideas or events
according to time
* Important Parts: sequence of events,
characters, setting, major stages or processes.
 SIGNAL WORDS for NARRATION/PROCESSES
• about • eventually • when
• after • finally • tomorrow
• afterwards • immediately • yesterday
• as soon as • In the mean • after that
• at this point time • Today
• before • next week • while
• during • prior to • afterwards
• next • then • suddenly
• first • until
Sample Text (Narration)
Ondoy began to develop from an active low pressure
area to a tropical cyclone on September 24, 2009. The
following day, PAGASA raised storm signals all over the
Philippine archipelago. At that point, signal no. 2 was
raised in Catanduanes and other parts of Luzon. By
Saturday morning, reports of flooding started to pour in.
Meanwhile, President Arroyo declared a state of calamity
in Metro Manila. Immediately after President Arroyo’s
declaration, various government agencies began the
rescue and relief operations.
continuation…
As soon as Typhoon Ondoy exited the Philippines,
more and more relief and rescue operations were
conducted.
Individual Activity:
(1 Whole)
Narrate the story you read in Genesis
chapter 3 in 250 words. Use at least 10
signal words and underline them.
 TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
5. Comparison and Contrast
-It organizes ideas based on how events, places,
people, things, and concepts are similar to or
different from one another.
* Important Parts: purpose of comparison,
points of comparison, actual similarities and
differences
 SIGNAL WORDS for COMPARING
• Also • In comparison • Likewise
• As • In the same • Similarly
• Both way • To compare
• Equally • like
• In a similar
fashion
 SIGNAL WORDS for CONTRASTING
• Although • Despite • Otherwise
• And yet • Even so • Unlike
• As opposed to • Even though • Whereas
• But • In contrast • Yet
• Conversely • In spite of • On the other
• Counter to • However hand
• On the contrary
Comparison and Contrast
Structure:
1. Separately – describe one item
first followed by the second item
2. Side by side – discuss both items
based on each point of comparison
Sample Text (Comparison and
Contrast)
Are you not sure which phone to buy? To help you
decide, this review will inspect the basic similarities and
differences of the flagship phones of two giant
companies: Apple’s iPhone 6 and Samsung Galaxy S5.
Both brag to be the best smart phones in the market.
While these state-of-the-art phones have similarities in
the form of their sleek design, multi-touch touch screen,
and multimedia features, they have their distinctive
features as well. First, Galaxy S5 has a larger screen at 5.1
inches as compared to iPhone 6’s 4.7 inches. As for the
operating system, iPhone 6 uses iOS (8.x) while
Sample Text (continuation)
S5 uses Android (5.0,4.4.2). In terms of the camera, S5 has
a 2.1 megapixel front camera which is higher than
iPhone’s 1.2 megapixels. Unlike S5, iPhone’s battery is not
user-replaceable and has a shorter talk time, but when it
comes to built-in storage, iPhone 6 outperforms S5. Now
that you know the basic differences of the two phones,
you can decide!
Individual Activity:
(1 Whole)
Write a 200-word Comparison and
Contrast paragraph on the topic “City
Life Vs. Provincial Life.” Use at least 6
signal words and underline them.
Write your word count at the bottom
of your paper.
 TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
6. Cause and Effect
-It organizes details based on the cause, the
reason, and the result of a certain phenomenon.
* Important Parts: relationship between the
causes and effects
 SIGNAL WORDS for CAUSES
• As • In view of • Owing to
• Because • Inasmuch as • Seeing that
• Being that • One reason • Since
• Due to • In that • For that reason
• For
 SIGNAL WORDS for EFFECTS
• Accordingly • Consequently • Therefore
• As a • Hence • Thus
consequence • So • As a result
Cause and Effect Structure:
1.Single Cause, Multiple Effects
2.Single Effect, Multiple Causes
3.Multiple Causes, Multiple Effects
4.Alternating Causes and Effects
Sample Text (Cause and Effect)
The advancement in technology and economy has
created major changes in modern society. One of these
changes is globalization. As we know, globalization has
affected the world in many ways. First, it served as a
catalyst to worldwide trading, thus allowing countries to
access foreign products. Although this had positive
effects, it also posed a real threat to the merchandise of
local traders. Second, globalization affected the financial
market. As a result, different countries had more access to
funds, and the exchange in national currencies
dramatically increased. Finally, globalization also led to
Sample Text (continuation)
the privatization of various facilities, such as public health
institutions. These institutions were privatized due to the
idea that the private sector can better manage and
provide health services. In consequence, health policies
become more and more of a commodity on a global scale.
Individual Activity:
(1 Whole)
Write a 200-word paragraph on the
topic “The causes and effects of
bullying.” Use at least 6 signal words
and underline them. Write your word
count at the bottom of your paper.
 TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
7. Problem-Solution
-It organizes ideas into problems and proposed
solutions. The problem must include the 5W-H.
* Important Parts: problem, solution (steps)
 SIGNAL WORDS for Problem-Solution
• But • Nonetheless • One solution is
• First, second • One reason for • One way is
the
• The problem
• The solution
Sample Text (Problem-Solution)
Today, most of the energy resources we have
generated from coal, oil, and natural gas. However, these
resources are limited. If continuously consumed at an
alarming rate, fossil fuels necessary for generating power
to operate vehicles and factories will run out before long.
Nonetheless, this problem can be resolved through the
use of alternative sources of energy and conservation
efforts. First, using alternative sources of energy such as
solar energy and fusion energy would lessen pollution.
These alternatives are actually more accessible and cost-
efficient. Although there are potential risks in using fusion
Sample Text (continuation)
energy, these risks can be mitigated by implementing
strict safety measures. The second solution that
governments can adopt is the enhancement of
conservation efforts. To do this, governments need to
make the public more aware of the benefits of
conservation, as well as ways of conserving energy, such
as recycling. Laws can also be passed to mandate the
public and all stakeholders to recycle energy.
Individual Activity:
(1 Whole)
Write a 200-word Problem-Solution
paragraph on the topic “Poverty.” Use
at least 6 signal words and underline
them. Write your word count at the
bottom of your paper.
 TYPES OF PATTERN OF
DEVELOPMENT
8. Persuasion
-It organizes ideas to show how set of evidence
leads to a logical conclusion or argument.
* Important Parts: issue, position, evidence to
support the position
 SIGNAL WORDS for Emphasizing a Point
• Again • Indeed • Truly
• For this reason • To emphasize • With this in
• In fact • To repeat mind
• In that case
 SIGNAL WORDS for Concluding & Summarizing
• Accordingly • In conclusion • Therefore
• All in all • In brief • Thus
• As a result • In short • To sum up
• As I have said • In summary • In essence
• In a nutshell
 SIGNAL WORDS for Conceding a Point
• Admittedly • Obviously • True
• Assuredly • True • Unquestionably
• Certainly • It is true that • Granted
• Undoubtedly • Of course
Sample Text (Persuasion)
Euthanasia or mercy killing has been a widely
debated issue. It is an act to end a person’s life to alleviate
the suffering brought by a terminal or grave illness. While
it may be supported by some, mercy killing is not only
unethical medical practice, it is also a crime. After all, on
the most basic level, euthanasia still takes a life. In fact,
majority of the countries in the world, including those
that have legalized it, consider it as homicide. Aside from
being a crime, euthanasia is unethical in the medical
context because it violates the principle of “primum non
nocore” which means “first, do no harm”. In their code of
Sample Text (continuation)
ethics, doctors have the responsibility for saving lives, not
destroying them, which is why euthanasia can never be
acceptable.
Individual Activity:
(1 Whole)
Write a 200-word Persuasion
paragraph on the topic “Same-sex
Marriage.” Use at least 9 signal words
and underline them. Write your word
count at the bottom of your paper.
Individual Activity:
(1 Whole)
Write a 200-word Persuasion
paragraph on the topic “Same-sex
Marriage.” Use at least 9 signal words
and underline them. Write your word
count at the bottom of your paper.