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Error Detection

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Manwant Kaur
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12 views

Error Detection

Uploaded by

Manwant Kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Error Detection

What is Error Detection?


• Error detection is a way of checking that data has been
sent correctly across a network without any mistakes.

• When data travels across a network, things like


interference or signal problems can sometimes cause
errors, so we need methods to detect these errors to
ensure the information received is accurate.
Parity Check
• A parity check determines whether bits in a transmission have been corrupted.

• Every byte transmitted has one of its bits allocated as a parity bit.

• The sender and receiver must agree before transmission whether they are
using odd or even parity.

• If odd parity is used then there must be an odd number of 1’s in the byte,
including the parity bit.

• If even parity is used then there must be an even number of 1’s in the byte,
including the parity bit.

• The value of the parity bit is determined by counting the number of 1’s in the
byte, including the parity bit.

• If the number of 1’s does not match the agreed parity then an error has
occurred.

• Parity checks only check that an error has occurred, they do not reveal where the
error(s) occurred.
Even Parity
• Below is an arbitrary binary string:

• If an even parity bit is used then all bits in the byte, including the parity bit,
must add up to an even number.

 There are four 1’s in the byte.

 This means the parity bit must be 0 otherwise the whole byte, including the
parity bit, would add up to five which is an odd number.
Odd Parity
• Below is an arbitrary binary string:

• If an odd parity bit is used then all bits in the byte, including the parity bit,
must add up to an odd number.

 There are four 1’s in the byte. This means the parity bit must be a 1 otherwise
the whole byte, including the parity bit, would add up to four which is an even
number.
Check Sum

• A checksum is a value that can be used to determine if data has been corrupted or
altered.

• It indicates whether data differs from its original form but does not specify
where.

• Checksums are calculated using an algorithm and the value is added to the
transmission.

• The receiving device re-calculates the checksum and compares to the original.

• If the checksums do not match, it is assumed an error has occurred.


Echo Check
• An echo checks involve transmitting the received data back to the sender.

• The sender then checks the data to see if any errors occurred during
transmission.

• This method isn’t reliable as an error could have occurred when the sender
transmits the data or when the receiver transmits the data.

• If an error does occur the sender will retransmit the data.

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