Inverse Functions Graphically

Sketch f(x)=2x+3 on a graph. Sketch f-1(x) on the same axes.

What do you notice?
Do the same with g(x)=x2 for x≥ 0 and g-1(x)
An inverse function is a reflection in the line y=x
Composite Functions …………..Reminde
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =2 𝑥 +7 2
𝑔 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 − 2 Find an expression for fg(x) and gf(x)
Composite Functions DOMAIN AND RA
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =2 𝑥 +7 𝑔 ( 𝑥 )= √ 𝑥Find the domain and range for fg(x) and gf(x)

To form a composite
function:
The DOMAIN of the FIRST
function must be chosen
so that its RANGE is
included in the DOMAIN of
the SECOND FUNCTION.
•For the functions: f x   x 1 2 , x 0 g x  4  x , x  R
2

State the largest possible domain of g which allows fg

to be formed
Transformations
of functions
g Desmos, investigate what happens for the following:

TRANSFORMATION EXPLANATION X? Y?

y = f(x + a)
y = f(x) + a
y = f(ax)
y = af(x)

y = f(– x)
y = – f(x)
 TRANSFORMATIONS SUMMARY
TRANSFORMATIONEXPLANATION x y

y = f(x + a) Translation Subtract a No change

y = f(x) + a Translation No change Add a

Stretch in x-direction
y = f(ax) Scale factor 1/a
Divide No change
by a
Stretch in y-direction
y = af(x) Scale factor a
No change Multiply
by a

Change
y = f(– x) Reflection in y-axis
sign
No change

Change
y = – f(x) Reflection in x-axis No change Sign

(Reflection apart) does

INSIDE BRACKET Affects x-coordinate
OPPOSITE to what you’d expect
OUTSIDE BRACKET Affects y-coordinate Does EXACTLY what you’d
expect
This is the graph of y = f(x) where f(x) = x2

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Transformation 1: y = f(x + a)
Describe what happens when a changes value

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Transformation 1: y = f(x + a)
y = f(x + a) translates the graph horizontally through

y = f(x + 2) y = f(x) y = f(x – 2)

–2 +2

x-coordinate: – a
y-coordinate: no change
This is the graph of y = f(x)
Sketch, on the same axes, the graph after undergoing the
Transformations… (a) y = f(x + 2) (b) y = f(x – 3)
y = f(x)
(a) y = f(x + 2) (b) y = f(x – 3)
Translated
x-coordinate, -2,
y-coordinate unchanged

–2

y = f(x + 2) y = f(x)
(a) y = f(x + 2) (b) y = f(x – 3)
Translated Translated
x-coordinate, -2, x-coordinate, +3,
y-coordinate unchanged y-coordinate unchanged

–2 +3

y = f(x + 2) y = f(x) y = f(x – 3)

Transformation 2: y = f(x) + b
Describe what happens when b changes value

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 y = f(x) + b translates the
graph vertically through

x-coordinate: no change
+3 y-coordine: + b

y = f(x) + 3
–3

y = f(x)

y = f(x) – 3
This is the graph of y =
f(x)
Sketch, on the same
axes,
the graph after
undergoing the
Transformations…
(a) y = f(x) + 2

(b) y = f(x) – 4
 This is the graph of y =
f(x)
Sketch, on the same
+2 axes,
the graph after
undergoing the
Transformations…
Translated
(a)x-coordinate
y = f(x) + unchanged,
2
y = f(x) + 2 y-coordinate + 2

y = f(x)

(b) y = f(x) – 4
 This is the graph of y =
f(x)
Sketch, on the same
+2 axes,
the graph after
undergoing the
Transformations…
Translated
–4 (a)x-coordinate
y = f(x) + unchanged,
2
y = f(x) + 2 y-coordinate + 2

y = f(x)

Translated
(b)x-coordinate
y = f(x) – unchanged,
4
y-coordinate – 4

y = f(x) – 4
Transformation 3 and 4: y = f(– x) and y = – f(x)

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3xlh
Transformation 3: y = f(– x)
x-coordinate: change
Reflection in the y-axis signs
y-coordinate: no change
Transformation 4: y = – f(x)
x-coordinate: no change
Reflection in the x-axis y-coordinate: change
signs
Transformation 5: y = f(cx)
Describe what happens when c changes value

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Transformation 5: y = f(cx)
y = f(cx) stretches the graph in the x direction with
a
y = f(2x)y = f(x) y = f(½x)
scale factor of
x½

x2

x-coordinate: ÷ c
y-coordine: no change
This is the graph of y = f(x)
Sketch, on the same axes, the graph after undergoing the
Transformations… (a) y = f(1/3 x) (b) y = f(2x)
(a) y = f(1/3 x) (b) y = f(2x)
Stretch in the x-direction
with scale factor 3
x: multiply by 3 y: unchanged

y = f(x)

y = f(1/3 x)

1
3
(a) y = f(1/3 x) (b) y = f(2x)
Stretch in the x-direction Stretch in the x-direction
with scale factor 3 with scale factor ½
x: multiply by 3 y: unchanged x: multiply by ½ y: unchanged

y = f(2x) y = f(x)
4 y = f(1/3 x)
2
Transformation 6: y = df(x)
Describe what happens when d changes value

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 y = 2f(x)
y = df(x) + b stretches
the
graph in the y-direction
with a scale factor d
y = f(x)

x-coordinate: no change
y-coordine: multiply by d

8
y = ½ f(x)

4 4
2
This is the graph of
y = f(x)
Sketch, on the
same axes, the
graph after
undergoing the
Transformations…
(a) y = 3f(x)

(b) y = ½ f(x)
 y = 3f(x) (a) y = 3f(x)
Stretch in the
y-direction
with scale factor 3
x: unchanged
y: multiply by 3
11 y = f(x)

(b) y = ½ f(x)

33
 y = 3f(x) (a) y = 3f(x)
Stretch in the
y-direction
with scale factor 3
x: unchanged
y = ½ f(x) y: multiply by 3
5.5
y = f(x)
11 (b) y = ½ f(x)
Stretch in the
y-direction
with scale factor ½
x: unchanged
y: multiply by ½
For the following transformations of y = f(x)…
(i) Give a geometric explanation of the transformation
(ii) Describe what happens to the x and y coordinates
(iii)Work out what points A, B and C will become
EXPLANATION x y A B C
y = f(x) (4, 0) (0,
9) (-6, 12)
Translation + ---- (8, (4, (-2,
y = f(x – 4) 4 0) 9) 12)
Translation ---- –3 (4, - (0, (-6, 9)
y = f(x) – 3 3) 6)
Stretch, y-direction
---- x (4, (0, (-6,
Scale factor 4
y = 4f(x) 4 0) 36) 48)
Stretch, x-direction
÷ ---- (4/3 , (0, 9) (-2,
Scale factor 1/3
y = f(3x) 3 0) 12)
Translation –1 + (3, (-1, (-7,
y = f(x + 1) + 2 2 2) 11) 14)
Reflection in y-axis
Change
Stretch in y-direction
sign x (-4, 0) (0, (6, 36)
y = 3f(-x) Scale factor 3
27)
3
 EXPLANATION x y A B C
y = f(x) (8, -2) (-6,
0) (-16, 4)
Translation –2 ---- (6, - (-8, (-18, 4)
y = f(x + 2) 2) 0)
Translation ---- + (8, 6) (-6, (-16,
y = f(x) + 8 8 8) 12)
Stretch, y-direction
---- x½ (8, - (-6, 0) (-16,
Scale factor ½
y = ½ f(x) 1) 2)
Stretch, x-direction
x ---- (32 , - (-24, (-64,
Scale factor 4
y = f( /4 x)
1
4 2) 0) 4)
Translation then Stretch y-
direction, Scale factor 2 + x (11, - (-3, 0) (-13, 8)
y = 2f(x – 3) 3 2 4)
Stretch in y-direction SF
1
/4 then translation ÷4 + (2, 0) (-1.5, 2) (-4, 6)
y = f(4x) + 2 2
Translation then Change
reflection in x-axis + sign
(12, 2) (-2, (-12, -
y = – f(x – 4) 4 0) 4)
Translation then stretch
x direction SF 1/2 -3 then ÷2 ---- (2.5, - (-1.5, (-9.5,
y = f(2x + 3) 2) 0) 4)
Stretch in y-direction SF x3
3 then translation ---- (8, - (-6, (-16,
then + 1
y = 3f(x) + 1 5) 1) 13)
Translation then reflection -5 then
in y-axis ---- (-3 , -2) (11, (-19,
change sign
y =y f(– x +5))
= f(5 – x) 0) 4)
mbining Vertical Operations: 2f(x)+3 which orde
What happens to the coordinate (2,4
mbining Horizontal Operations: f(2x+3)which ord
What happens to the coordinate (2,4
mbining Horizontal transformations: f(5-x) is the same as f(-x
etch this graph 5 times. On each, sketch the transformed graph,
owing what happens to A, B and C.

(i) y = f(x + 3) (ii) y = 3f(x) (iii) y = -f(x) (iv) y = f(½ x) – 3 (v) y =

2f(x – 2) + 5

Extension – create one

of your own that
involves two horizontal
transformations.
etch this graph 5 times. On each, sketch the transformed graph,
owing what happens to A, B and C.

(i) y = f(x + 3) (ii) y = 3f(x) (iii) y = -f(x) (iv) y = f(½ x) – 3 (v) y =

2f(x – 2) + 5

Extension – create one

of your own that
involves two horizontal
transformations.
(i) y = f(x + 3)

Translation x-coordinate: – 3
y-coordinate: unchanged
(ii) y =
3f(x)
Stretch, y-direction
Scale factor 3

x-coordinate: unchanged
y-coordinate: multiply by 3
(iii) y = -
f(x)
Reflection in the x-
axis

x-coordinate: unchanged
y-coordinate: change sign
(iv) y = f(½ x) – 3
Stretch in x-direction x-coordinate: x 2
Scale factor 2 y-coordinate: – 3
Translation
(v) y = 2f(x – 2) + 5
Translation
Stretch in y-direction SF x-coordinate: + 2
2 y-coordinate: x 2 then + 5
Translation