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Lecture 12

The document provides an overview of computer applications, focusing on web browsing, popular web browsers, and their functions. It also covers web servers, types of email accounts, web directories, search engines, intranets, extranets, e-commerce models, and web hosting types. Each section highlights key features and advantages relevant to the respective topics.

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3 views

Lecture 12

The document provides an overview of computer applications, focusing on web browsing, popular web browsers, and their functions. It also covers web servers, types of email accounts, web directories, search engines, intranets, extranets, e-commerce models, and web hosting types. Each section highlights key features and advantages relevant to the respective topics.

Uploaded by

ayeshaharoon7171
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computer
Applications
Lecture
12 Fatima
Ms. Seerat
1. Web Browsing

 Web browsing refers to accessing and viewing information on the


World Wide Web (WWW) using a software application called a web
browser. Users can navigate through web pages, click hyperlinks, and
search for information using search engines.
2. Most Popular Browsers

 The most popular web browsers include:


 Google Chrome: Known for its speed, simplicity, and extensions.
 Mozilla Firefox: Focuses on privacy and customization.
 Microsoft Edge: Integrated with Windows and offers unique features
like vertical tabs.
 Safari: Optimized for Apple devices.
 Opera: Known for its built-in VPN and ad blocker.
3. Mobile Browsers
 Mobile browsers are designed for smartphones and tablets,
optimized for smaller screens. Popular mobile browsers include:
 Google Chrome Mobile
 Safari (iOS)
 Samsung Internet
 Opera Mini
 Firefox Mobile
4. Functions of a Web Browser

 Web browsing
 Tabbed Browsing
 Search box
 Favorites
 Browsing history
 Mailing
 Printing
 Auto complete
5. Web Server

 A web server is a computer system that hosts websites and delivers


content to users over the internet. When a user requests a webpage,
the web server processes the request and sends the appropriate
HTML files to the user's browser.
 Functions of a Web Server
 Hosting Websites: Stores website files.
 Processing Requests: Handles HTTP/HTTPS requests from clients.
 Data Security: Ensures secure transmission of data.
 Load Balancing: Manages traffic to prevent server overload.
Types of Email Accounts

 Web-Based Email Accounts: Accessible through a web browser


(e.g., Gmail, Yahoo Mail).
 POP3 Email Accounts: Downloads emails to a client (e.g., Microsoft
Outlook) and stores them locally. For example if you get an account
from paknet, your email address will be like this.
 E.g. [email protected]
Advantages of Web-Based Email Accounts

 Free
 User friendly interface
 Security
 Access from anywhere
 Permanent email address
 Virus scan
 Filter
 Convenience
7. Web Directories

 Web directories are organized collections of websites categorized by


topics. Unlike search engines, web directories are curated by humans.
These are used to search general information on a broad topic or to
explore different areas of a broad topic. These directories are
arranged by subject.
 E.g. www.ipl.org
8. Search Engines

 Search engine is a website that provides the facility to find the


required websites on a particular topic. User can search different
websites on search engines. Popular search engines include:
 Google: The most widely used search engine. http://www.google.com
 Bing: Microsoft’s search engine. http://www.bing.com
 Yahoo: Offers a combination of search and news.
http://www.yahoo.com
9. Searching the Web

 Searching the web involves using search engines to locate specific


information online. Effective searching requires understanding how to
structure queries and utilize advanced tools provided by search
engines.
 Efficient Search Techniques
 Use of Keywords: Identify the most relevant words for your search.
For example, instead of "Why is the sky blue?", use "sky blue reason".
 Exact Phrase Search: Use quotation marks ("") to search for an
exact phrase. Example: "global warming causes".
 Excluding Terms: Use a minus sign (-) to exclude unwanted terms.
Example: "jaguar -car" (search for the animal, not the car).
Search Operators:

 Search Operators: Combine operators for precision:


 AND: Includes all keywords (default in most search engines).
 OR: Searches for either keyword. Example: "cat OR dog".
 NOT: Excludes specific terms (similar to "-"). Example: “NEW YORK NOT
CITY” will search all the websites including words new York instead of New
York city.
Intranet

 An intranet is a private network that is used within an organization.


It uses internet protocols (such as HTTP and FTP) but restricts access
to authorized users within the organization. The main purpose of an
intranet is to facilitate internal communication, share information,
and improve collaboration among employees. It is like company LAN
that is used by employees.
 Examples of Intranet Usage:
 An HR department using an intranet to share policies, forms, and
training material with employees.
Extranet

 An extranet is an extension of an intranet that allows controlled


access to external users. It enables partners, vendors, clients, or
other stakeholders to collaborate and access certain parts of the
organization's network securely.
 Examples of Extranet Usage:
 A supplier accessing inventory levels to manage stock replenishment.
11. Models of E-Commerce

 B2B (Business-to-Business): Transactions between businesses


(e.g., Alibaba).
 B2C (Business-to-Consumer): Transactions between businesses
and consumers (e.g., Amazon).
 C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer): Transactions between consumers
(e.g., eBay).
 B2G (Business-to-Government): Businesses providing
goods/services to the government.
Advantages of E-Commerce

1. Geographic reach
2. Speed
3. Productivity
4. Information sharing
5. New features
6. Lower Cost
7. Competitive advantages
13. Web Hosting

 Web hosting is a service that provides the infrastructure for storing and
serving website files on the internet.
 Types of Web Hosting
 Shared Hosting: Multiple websites share resources on a single server;
affordable but limited resources.
 Dedicated Hosting: One server is exclusively dedicated to one website;
expensive but powerful.
 VPS Hosting: Combines shared and dedicated hosting features by
partitioning a server into virtual servers.
 Cloud Hosting: Websites are hosted on a network of servers; highly
scalable and reliable.
 Managed Hosting: Hosting provider handles all technical aspects (e.g.,
backups, updates).
Thank You

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