Course Title:
Technical Report Writing
Course Instructor:
Muhammad Numan Gulzar
IQRA National University
Phase-2 Hayatabad, Peshawar
Hz. Aisha narrates: “The apostle of God
(PBUH) never uttered any vulgar
expressions. He never attempted to do
so. He also avoided speaking loudly in
bazaars, in a way to disturb the
people… He could not look at the face
of anyone for a long time because of
his shyness. When he was obliged to
express an unpleasant thing, he used
to narrate it with an allegory.”
(Tirmidhi)
General Etiquettes
Be polite.
Be on time.
Be prepared.
Wait for your turn to ask a
question.
Don't make rude comments
about another student's
work or habits.
Week 1I
Topic
Communication
Process of Communication
Methods of Communication
What is communication?
Communication is the transfer of
information and understanding from
one person to another person. It is a
way of reaching others with facts,
ideas, thoughts and values. —Keith
Davis
Communication is any behavior that
results in an exchange of meaning.
American Management Association
Explanation
The term has been defined at various levels.
As it comes from the Latin word communicare,
meaning ‘to share, to impart, or to commune’.
Its literal meaning is ‘giving or sharing
information’.
It is this sharing of information that makes the
process of communication so important to us
Communication is a process of sharing
information.
Communication is one of the essential
conditions of social interaction.
Continued…
Communication is an exchange of meaning
and understanding.
Meaning is central to communication, and
transmission of meaning is the central
objective of communication.
Communication begins with the sender
sending out message, which are perceived
by the receiver who assigns meaning to
them and responds to them accordingly.
Communication is not complete unless the
message is decoded and understood by
the receiver.
Process of Communication
Whether it is an informal social
situation or a formal academic or
professional situation, we need to
share information, ideas, and
knowledge with others.
This process of sharing information
is a symbolic interchange, which is
both dynamic and interactive, and
results in an exchange of meaning
and understanding.
Continued…
Communication is a dynamic
interactive process that involves
the effective transmission of
facts, ideas, thoughts, feelings,
and values.
It is not passive and does not just
happen; we actively and
consciously engage in
communication in order to
develop the information and
understanding required for
Continued…
It is dynamic because it involves
a variety of forces and activities
interacting over a period of time.
The word ‘process’ suggests that
communication exists as a flow
through a sequence or series of
steps.
It consists of five steps, namely,
ideation, encoding, transmission,
decoding, and response.
FIGURE: THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
1. Verbal Communication
2. Written Communication
3. Non-Verbal Communication
4. Formal and Informal
Communication
5. Internal and External
Communication
1. Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is
communication done orally between
people.
If done properly, it helps both the
parties involved understand each
other better.
The biggest advantage of verbal
communication is that it provides
immediate feedback to the sender of
the message.
This method of communication is
given less preference over written
2. Written Communication
Written communication is a widely used form of
communication.
The biggest advantage of written communication
is that it leaves a permanent record.
It, therefore, facilitates organized messages to be
communicated.
However, unlike oral communication, the sender
does not get instant feedback for his/her
message. Also, he/she cannot add a personal
touch to the message
This form of communication is preferred in
business scenarios because it leaves a proof of
the communication and ensures formality and
correctness in formal correspondence.
3. Non-verbal
Communication
The third category of communication that
is used widely but seldom recognized, is
non-verbal communication.
This refers to communication done
through gestures, facial expressions, eye
contact, touch, tone of voice, dress,
space between the people
communicating, and ambience, to name
a few.
Even while sitting quietly, two people can
communicate.
4. Formal and Informal
Communication
Formal communication refers to
communication taking place through pre-
planned channels in an organized setting.
On the other hand, informal communication
refers to casual conversations in personal
setting or even in informal settings.
For example, communication between
team members during a meeting is formal
communication. Later on, when these team
members form sub-groups and discuss
about the meeting casually, it is informal
communication.
5.Internal and External
Communication
Communication can also be categorized on the basis
of location or the relationship with a person or an
organization.
Any communication done within an organized set up
like an organization or a department or even a
team, is internal communication.
On the other hand, communication done with people
outside an organized setup, i.e., an organization, is
external communication.
External communication is always formal because in
these types of communications, a person deals with
external parties that may quote the person later on.
On the other hand, internal communication can be
both, formal and informal.
Thank You
