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Computer System

The document provides an introduction to computer systems, detailing the roles of hardware and software, as well as the distinctions between low-level and high-level programming languages. It explains the components of computer systems, including processors, memory, and input/output devices, and discusses various types of computer networks and their uses. Additionally, it addresses the importance of computer ethics and responsible use of technology.

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santosh
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

Computer System

The document provides an introduction to computer systems, detailing the roles of hardware and software, as well as the distinctions between low-level and high-level programming languages. It explains the components of computer systems, including processors, memory, and input/output devices, and discusses various types of computer networks and their uses. Additionally, it addresses the importance of computer ethics and responsible use of technology.

Uploaded by

santosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computer Systems
Explore the fascinating world of computer systems, from the
inner workings of hardware to the intricate dance of software.
Dive into the core components that power our digital age,
unlocking the potential of technology to transform our lives.

Sa
by Santosh Kumar
A computer is a device which accepts information in the
form of data, changes or manipulates it based on certain
instructions, and generates an output.

Computers have been devised that can run multiple


programs in parallel to work on the same problem.
Low-Level Language(LLL) and High-Level Language (HLL)
The set of instructions provided to a computer to perform a particular task
is called a program.

These instructions or programs are written in high languages.


High level language instructions are not understood by the computer,
therefore HLL is converted into machine code or binary language which is a
low-level language.
Low-Level Languages: Assembly and
Machine Code
Assembly Language Machine Code
Assembly language is a low-level Machine code is the lowest level of
programming language that provides a programming, representing instructions
direct interface with the computer's directly in the binary digits (0s and 1s)
hardware. It uses mnemonic codes to that the computer's processor can
represent machine instructions. understand and execute.

Direct Hardware Control Challenging Readability


Low-level languages allow programmers While powerful, low-level languages can
to have precise control over a be difficult to read and understand,
computer's hardware, enabling requiring a deep knowledge of computer
optimization and customization of architecture and assembly syntax.
system performance.
High-Level Languages: Syntax and
Semantics
High-level programming languages, such as Python, Java, and C++, provide a more human-
readable and abstracted way of writing code. These languages have well-defined syntax,
which are the rules governing the structure and form of the language. The semantics of a
high-level language define the meaning and behavior of the language constructs.

1. High-level languages use keywords, variables, and control structures to express


logic and operations, unlike low-level languages that work with machine-specific

2. instructions.
The syntax of a high-level language is designed to be more intuitive and closer to
natural language, making it easier for programmers to write and understand code.
3. The semantics of a high-level language provide a level of abstraction, hiding the
underlying computer hardware and operating system details from the programmer.
Compilation and Interpretation:
Translating Code
1 Compilation
The compiler takes high-level programming code and translates it into low-
level machine code that the computer's processor can directly execute.

2 Interpretation
The interpreter reads and executes high-level code line by line, without
generating machine code first. This allows for dynamic, on-the-fly program
execution.

3 Trade-offs
Compiled code runs faster, but requires a separate compilation step.
Interpreted code is more flexible, but may run slower due to the translation
overhead.
Advantages of Computers:
Efficiency and Versatility

• Speed
• Storage
• Processing
• Accuracy
• Communication
Components of a Computer System:
Hardware and Software
A computer system is composed of two
key components: hardware and software.
Hardware refers to the physical
components, such as the processor,
memory, storage devices, and
input/output peripherals. Software
encompasses the programs, operating
systems, and applications that run on the
hardware and enable its functionality.
• Hardware
• Software
Hardware: Processors, Memory, and
Input/Output Devices

Processors Memory Input Devices Output Devices


The central Random Access Input devices, such Output devices,
processing unit Memory (RAM) as keyboards, like monitors,
(CPU) is the brain provides temporary mice, and printers, and
of a computer, storage for data touchscreens, allow speakers, enable
responsible for and instructions, users to interact the computer to
executing allowing the with the computer display
instructions and computer to and provide data information, print
performing quickly access the and instructions for documents, and
calculations. information it the system to produce audio
Modern CPUs needs to run process. output for the user.
feature multiple programs and
cores for enhanced applications.
Hardware components of a
computer
• Internal Memory
• Storage Device
• Input Device
• Output Device
• CPU
Software: Operating Systems,
Applications, and Utilities
Software is the non-physical, programmable component of a computer system. It includes
the operating system, which manages the computer's resources and provides a user
interface, as well as applications for specific tasks like word processing, web browsing, or
video editing. Utilities are smaller software programs that perform system maintenance or
optimization functions.
Computer Network
A computer network is an
interconnected system of devices,
such as computers, servers, and
other hardware, that communicate
and share resources with each other.
It enables the exchange of data,
information, and services between
users and devices.

Sa
by Santosh Kumar
Types of Computer Network (PAN,
LAN, MAN, WAN)
1. Personal Area Network (PAN): A small-scale network that interconnects devices
within a personal space, such as a home or office. It typically includes devices like
smartphones, laptops, and wearables.
2. Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects devices within a limited
geographical area, like a building or campus. LANs enable high-speed data transfer
and resource sharing among nearby devices.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network that spans a larger geographical


area, such as a city or a metropolitan region. MANs interconnect multiple LANs and
provide wide-area connectivity.
4. Wide Area Network (WAN): A large-scale network that covers a wide geographical
area, often crossing regional or national boundaries. WANs enable communication and
data exchange between distant locations, such as between offices in different cities or
countries.
T

LAN
Local Area
Network
T

MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
T

WAN
Wide Area Network
Uses of Computer Network
Sharing Resources Communication
Computer networks enable users to Networks facilitate communication
share hardware, software, and data through email, instant messaging, video
resources across multiple devices, conferencing, and other collaborative
improving efficiency and productivity. tools, connecting people and
organizations worldwide.

Data Storage and Access Remote Collaboration


Networks provide centralized data Networks enable remote teams to work
storage and allow users to access files, together in real-time, sharing
databases, and cloud-based services documents, ideas, and projects,
from any connected device. fostering collaboration and productivity.
Computer Ethics: Responsible and
Ethical Use

1 Respecting Privacy 2 Preventing Cybercrime


Safeguard personal information and Avoid engaging in hacking, piracy, or
protect the privacy of individuals other malicious activities that could
when using computers and digital harm computer systems or data.
technologies.

3 Promoting Digital Citizenship 4 Environmental Sustainability


Encourage responsible and ethical Consider the environmental impact of
behavior online, including being kind, computer use and strive to minimize
truthful, and respectful towards waste and energy consumption.
others.
Computer Ethics: Responsible and
Ethical Use

1 Handle the computer properly 2 Boot Properly

3 Respect the Integrity of the computer 4 Respect the privacy

5 Keep Changing password 6 Backup

6 Never use someone else’s account


Checklist
• Computer System
• LLL
• HLL
• Hardware
• Software and it’s type
• Network (LAN, MAN &
WAN)
Thank You

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