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Lesson 3 Complement of a Set

This document covers the concept of the complement of a set, defining it as the elements in the universal set that are not in the specified set. It provides examples and exercises involving Venn diagrams and calculations of the complement, specifically in the context of a population of students. The document also includes problems for practice related to set operations and complements.

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9 views

Lesson 3 Complement of a Set

This document covers the concept of the complement of a set, defining it as the elements in the universal set that are not in the specified set. It provides examples and exercises involving Venn diagrams and calculations of the complement, specifically in the context of a population of students. The document also includes problems for practice related to set operations and complements.

Uploaded by

jovanieesconde29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEMENT OF A

SET
Objectives:
In this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Describe and define the complement of a set;
2. Find the complement of a given set;
3. Use Venn diagrams to represent the
complement of a set.
Opening Problem:
In a population of 8000 students, 2100 are Freshmen, 2000
are Sophomores, 2050 are Juniors and the remaining 1850
are either in their fourth or fifth year in university. A student
is selected from the 8000 students and it is not a sophomore,
how many possible choices are there?
The complement of a set A, written as A’, is the set of all
elements found in the universal set, U, that are not found in
set A. The cardinality n (A’) is given by n (A’) = n (U) – n (A)
.

Example:
Let U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, and A = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}.
Then the elements of A’ are the elements from U that are not found
in A.
Therefore, A’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and n (A’ ) = 5
Example:
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, A = {2, 4} and B = {1, 5}. Then
A’ = {1, 3, 5}
B’ = {2, 3, 4}
A’ ∪ B’ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} = U

Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {3,


4, 7, 8}.
Then
A’ = {5, 6, 7, 8}
B’ = {1, 2, 5, 6}
A’∩ B’ = {5, 6}
Example:
Let U = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, A = {5, 7, 9} and B = {1, 5, 7, 9}.
Then
A ∩ B = {5, 7, 9}
(A ∩ B)’ = {1, 3}

Let U be the set of whole numbers. If A = {x | x is a whole


number and x > 10}, then A’ = {x | x is a whole number
and 0 £ x £ 10}.
Problem:
In a population of 8000 students, 2100 are Freshmen, 2000
are Sophomores, 2050 are Juniors and the remaining 1850
are either in their fourth or fifth year in university. A student
is selected from the 8000 students and it is not a sophomore,
how
The many possible
opening choices
problem asksare
forthere?
how many possible choices
there are for a student that was selected and known to be a
non-Sophomore. Let U be the set of all students and n (U) =
8000. Let A be the set of all Sophomores then n (A) = 2000.
The set A’ consists of all students in U that are not
Sophomores and n (A’) = n (U) – n (A) = 6000. Therefore,
there are 6000 possible choices for that selected student.
Exercise 1:
Shown in the table are names of students of a high school
class by sets according to the definition of each set.
A B C D
Likes Singing Likes Dancing Likes Acting Don’t Like Any
J asper Charmaine J acky Billy
Faith Leby J asper Ethan
J acky J oel Ben Camille
Miguel J ezryl J oel Tina

After the survey has been completed, find the


J oel

following sets.
a. U = b. A ∪ B’ =
c. A’ ∪ C = d. (B ∪ D)’ =
e. A’ ∩ B = f. A’ ∩ D’ =
Exercise 2:
True or False. If your answer is false, give the correct answer. Let U = the set
of the months of the year
X = {March, May, June, July, October}
Y = {January, June, July}
Z = {September, October, November, December}
a. Z’ = {January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August}
__________________________________________________
b. X’ ∩ Y’ = {June, July}
__________________________________________________
c. X’ ∪ Z’ = {January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,
September, November, December}
__________________________________________________
d. (Y ∪ Z)’ = {February, March, April, May}
__________________________________________________
Place the elements in their respective sets in
EXERCISE 3:
the diagram below based on the following
elements assigned to each set:

U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i,
j}
A’ = {a, c, d, e, g, j}
B’ = {a, b, d, e, h, i}
C’ = {a, b, c, f, h, i, j}

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