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CS Lecture 1 - Introduction

The document provides an introduction to communication, defining it as the process of transmitting information, ideas, and attitudes between individuals. It discusses the nature of communication, including encoding, decoding, and feedback, as well as various communication contexts and settings. Additionally, it highlights the characteristics of communication, the importance of ethical communication, and offers strategies for improving communication competence.

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Fatima Noor
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7 views22 pages

CS Lecture 1 - Introduction

The document provides an introduction to communication, defining it as the process of transmitting information, ideas, and attitudes between individuals. It discusses the nature of communication, including encoding, decoding, and feedback, as well as various communication contexts and settings. Additionally, it highlights the characteristics of communication, the importance of ethical communication, and offers strategies for improving communication competence.

Uploaded by

Fatima Noor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Lecture 1: Introduction

Instructor: Dr Nadia Majid


What is communication?

● Communication is the art of transmitting information, ideas and


attitudes from one person to another.
● It is the process of meaningful interaction among human beings.
● Communication is a complex process through which we express,
interpret, and coordinate messages with others.
● We do so to create shared meaning, to meet social goals, to
manage personal identity, and to carry out our relationships.
Nature of Communication

Encoding is the process of


Messages are the verbal
putting our thoughts and
utterances, visual images,
feelings into words and
and nonverbal behaviors
nonverbal behaviors
used to convey thoughts
and feelings.

Feedback is a
Decoding response message that
the process of interpreting indicates how the initial
another’s message message was
interpreted.
What are the most common ways
we communicate?

l I mages
ord Visua
ke n W
Spo

Body
Written Word L an g
uage
What do you say in the following situations?

● When you meet someone familiar at a shopping mall?

● When you place an order for fast food ?

● When your mom says that you use your phone too much?

● When you reach late to the class?


Canned Plans and Scripts

A script is an
Canned plan is actual text of what
a “mental library” of to say and do in a
scripts each of us draws specific situation.
from to create
messages based on
what worked in the past
Communication Context
The communication context is made up of the physical, social,
historical, psychological, and cultural situations that surround a
communication event.
● Physical situation
● Social presence
● Historical situation
● Psychological situation
● Cultural situation
Communication Context
● Physical situation
location, environmental conditions (temperature, lighting,
noise level), distance between communicators, seating
arrangements, and time of day
● Social presence
a sense of “being there” with another person virtually
● Social situation
the nature of the relationship that exists between
participants
Communication Context
● Historical situation
the background provided by previous communication
between the participants
● Psychological situation
the moods and feelings each person brings to a
conversation
● Cultural situation
the beliefs, values, orientations, underlying assumptions,
and rituals that belong to a specific culture
Communication Settings
● The communication setting affects how we form and
interpret messages.
● Communication settings differ based on the number of
participants and the level of formality in the interactions
● These settings are intrapersonal, interpersonal, small
group, public, and mass.
Communication Settings
Intrapersonal communication Vs. Interpersonal
communication
● Intrapersonal communication refers to the interactions
that occur in a person’s mind when he or she is talking with
himself or herself.

● Interpersonal communication is characterized by


informal interaction between two people who have an
identifiable relationship with each other.
Communication Settings

• A small-group communication typically involves 3 to 20 people


who come together for the specific purpose of solving a problem or
arriving at a decision.
• Public communication is when one participant, the speaker,
delivers a message to a group of more than 20 people.
• Mass communication is the communication delivered through
mass media to large segments of the population at the same time.
The Communication Process

The communication process is a complex set of three different


and interrelated activities intended to result in shared meaning;
1. Message Production: What we do when we encode a message.
2. Message Interpretation: What we do when we decode a
message.
3. Interaction coordination: The actions each participant takes to
adjust their behavior to that of their partner.
The Communication Process

❑ Channels
• It is the route traveled by the message and the means of transportation.
• Face-to-face communication has three basic channels: verbal symbols,
nonverbal cues, and visual images.
• Non-verbal cues such as movements, touch, and gestures are represented
by visual symbols like:
• Emoticons - the textual images that symbolize the sender’s mood,
emotion, or facial expressions.
• Acronyms - abbreviations that stand in for common phrases.
The Communication Process

• With so many technology-driven channels available, the best channel


for our purpose, audience, and situation should be selected.
• This can be done through:

✔ Media richness: How much and what kinds of information can be


transmitted via a particular channel.
✔ Synchronicity: The extent to which a channel allows for immediate
feedback.
The Communication Process

❑ Interference/noise

• It is any stimulus that interferes with the process of achieving shared


meaning. Noise can be physical and psychological.
• Physical noise is any external sight or sound that distracts us from
the message.
• Psychological noise are thoughts and feelings that compete with the
sender’s message for our attention.
Characteristics of Communication

 Communication has Purpose

Why communicate?
• To develop and maintain our sense of self.

• To meet our social needs.

• To develop and maintain relationships

• To exchange information.

• To influence others.
Characteristics of Communication

 Communication is Continuous.

 Communication is Irreversible.

 Communication is Situated.

 Communication is Indexical.

 Communication Messages vary in Conscious Thought.

 Communication is Guided by Cultural Norms.


Communication Ethics

 The general principles that guide ethical communication include:

• Ethical communicators are honest.

• Ethical communicators act with integrity.

• Ethical communicators behave fairly.

• Ethical communicators demonstrate respect.

• Ethical communicators are responsible.


Bright Side and Dark Side Messages
Communication Competence

 Communication Apprehension.

 Communication Improvement Plans.

• Write your plan in four steps:

1. Identify the problem.

2. State the specific goal.

3. Outline a specific procedure for reaching the goal.

4. Devise a method for measuring progress.

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