Air traffic control service

• Reference

• Annex 11 definitions
• ch.2.3.1
• ch.3.2

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 OBJECTIVES
• DEFINE ATC SERVICE
• EXPLAIN THE DIVISION OF ATC
• EXPLAIN THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR
THE PROVISION OF ATC SERVICE
• DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE
DIFFERENT METHODS OF ATC
SERVICE(AERODROME,SURVEILLANC
E,PROCEDURAL)
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 OΡΙΣΜΟΣ-DEFINITION OF ATM
• THE AGGREGATION OF THE
AIRBORNE FUNCTIONS AND GROUND-
BASED FUNCTIONS(AIR TRAFFIC
SERVICES,AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT
AND AIR TRAFFIC FLOW
MANAGEMENT)REQUIRED TO ENSURE
THE SAFE AND EFFICIENT MOVEMENT
OF AIRCRAFT DURING ALL PHASES
OF OPERATIONS.
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• ATM

ATS ATFM
ASM

ATC FIS Alerting service

Advisory service

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 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES

“A generic term meaning variously,

1 flight information service
2 alerting service
3 air traffic advisory service,
4 air traffic control service
(area control service
approach control service
aerodrome control service)”
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FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE

“A service provided for the purpose

of giving advice and information
useful for the safe and efficient
conduct of flights”

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 ALERTING SERVICE

“A service provided to notify appropriate

organizations regarding aircraft in
need of Search And Rescue aid,
and assist such
organizations
as required”

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 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE

“A service provided for the purpose of:

Preventing collisions:
a) between aircraft, and
b) on the manoeuvring area between
aircraft and obstructions; and
c) Expediting and maintaining an orderly

flow of air traffic”

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Air Traffic Control Service

Application

• All IFR in classes A,B,C,D and E

• All VFR in classes B,C and D

• All special VFR

• All Aerodrome Traffic at controlled

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papavasileiou-atm1 11
 Divisions of atc
1. Area Control Service
the provision of air traffic control service for controlled
flights except for those described in 2 and 3 in order to
accomplish objectives of a) and c) of previous definition
slide for atc service(slide 7)

that is: -preventing collisions between acft &

-expediting and maintaining an orderly flow
of air traffic
:

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• 2. Approach Control Service
the provision of atc service for those
parts of controlled flights associated
with arrival or departure in order to
accomplish objectives a) and c)

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3. Aerodrome Control Service
the provision of atc service for aerodrome

traffic except for those flights decribed in

2. in order to accomplish objectives a),b),c)

of atc service definition.

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 Provision of ATC Service
• a) Area control service:

• 1) by an area control centre; or

• 2) by the unit providing approach control service
in a
control zone or in a control area of limited extent
which is designated primarily for the provision of
approach control service and where no area
control centre is established.
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• b) Approach control service:

• 1) by an aerodrome control tower or area control centre

when it is necessary or desirable to combine under
the responsibility of one unit the functions of the
approach control service with those of the aerodrome
control service or the area control service;
• 2) by an approach control unit when it is necessary or
desirable to establish a separate unit.

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• c) Aerodrome control service:

• by an aerodrome control
tower.
• Note.— The task of providing specified services
on the
apron, e.g. apron management service, may be
assigned to an
aerodrome control tower or to a separate unit.
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 Separation - General
Division of Separation

VERTICAL HORIZONTAL

LATERAL LONGITUDINAL RADAR

GEOGRAPHICAL TRACK TIME DISTANCE

Mach number DME RNAV

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• “Separation” generic term - ATC action to
keep aircraft in general area such
distances apart to reduce risk of collision

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 Air Traffic Control Service

Responsibility for Control

• an individual flight will be under control of only one

ATC Unit at any time
• aircraft operating in given block of airspace under
responsibility of only one ATC Unit – but control of
one/groups of aircraft may be delegated provided
co-ordination assured
• TWR to control persons/vehicles (also towed acft)
on manoeuvring area

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 Air Traffic Control Service

Responsibility for Control

• low visibility procedures – persons/vehicles on
manoeuvring area restricted to essential minimum.
Protection of ILS/MLS sensitive areas for Cat II and
Cat III operations
• minimum separation between vehicle and taxiing
aircraft as prescribed by appropriate ATS authority
• for mixed CAT II and Cat III operations, the more
restrictive critical/sensitive areas to be protected

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 Air Traffic Control Service

Responsibility for Control

• emergency vehicles responding to aircraft in
distress shall have priority over all surface
movements
• other vehicles shall comply with following rules:
– vehicles (including towing aircraft) shall give
way to aircraft landing, taking off or taxiing

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 Separation -general
• If based on position information from acft,
generally known as “procedural” separation
• If derived from radar source, known as “radar”
separation
• Considerable difference between two.
 Radar provides continuous updating of position
information, thus separation minima smaller

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 Separation - General
Procedural or radar separation

10 minutes
or
20 miles
ATC capacity?

20 NM 20 NM 20 NM 20 NM

10 minutes

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 SEPARATION

in
Vicinity of Aerodromes

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 Objectives

• State the longitudinal separation

standard and procedures based on time
between departing aircraft [1]
• Explain the longitudinal separation
standards and procedures based on
time applied for separation of departing
aircraft from arriving aircraft. [2]

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 One Minute

1 min

o
45

One minute separation between departing aircraft

following tracks diverging at least 45 degrees

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 Two Minute

2 min

40kt (74km)
or more faster

Two minutes separation between aircraft following

same track

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 Five Minutes

Five minute separation of departing aircraft

following the same track

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Separation Departures / Arrivals
No take offs in this area after procedure turn is
started nor within the last 5 minutes of a
straight in approach.

A - Straight in Approach 45
O

45
O

B – Start of procedure turn

Take Offs permitted in this area up to 3

minutes before esitimated arrival of aircraft
A or B, in the case of A, until it crosses
a designated fix on the approach track

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ATS Surveillance Services

General Procedures

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 General Procedures
Topics

• Identification of aircraft
• Position Information

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 Identification of Aircraft
• Radar system is capable of displaying
hundreds of radar targets at any given time;
• The controller must be absolutely certain of
a particular aircraft’s identity prior to offering
radar service to that pilot;
• Failure to identify a target when using radar
creates
An an obvious
An aircraft
aircraft must safety
must be
be hazard.
positively
positively identified
identified
using
using either
either the
the primary
primary or
or the
the secondary
secondary
radar
radar system
system
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 Termination of Vectoring

HLF456
315  26
RKN

….

RKN
KLM123 HLF456, RESUME OWN
296  35 NAVIGATION RKN
( MAGNETIC TRACK 260,
DISTANCE 25 NM )

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IDENT

7600

7700

7500

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Position Indications

Combined
SSR

PSR

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Relative headings and speeds

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 Separation Minima
• Minimum horizontal separation between
aircraft shall be 5 NM or greater as
When
Whenauthorised
authorisedby
bythe
the
warranted. Appropriate
AppropriateATS
ATSAuthority
Authority
Separation
Separationbased
basedononthe
theuse
useofof
ADS-B,
ADS-B,SSR SSRand/or
and/orPSR
PSRposition
position
symbols
symbolsand/or
and/orPSR
PSRblips
blipsshall
shallbebe
5 Miles applied
appliedsosothat
thatthe
thedistance
distance
between
betweenthe thecentres
centresof ofthe
the
position
positionsymbols
symbolsand/or
and/orPSR
PSRblips,
blips,
representing
representingthethepositions
positionsofofthe
the
aircraft
aircraftconcerned,
concerned,isisnever
neverless
less
than
thanaaprescribed
prescribedminimum
minimum

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Reduction of Separation Minima
• The radar separation may, if so prescribed
by the appropriate ATS authority, be
reduced, but not below:
• 3.0 NM when radar capabilities at a given
location so permit; and
• 2.5 NM between succeeding aircraft which
are established on the same final
approach track within 10 NM of the runway
end.
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