Scribd
Upload
70 views25 pages

Module 8 Lymphatic and Immune Sysem

The document provides an overview of the lymphatic and immune systems, detailing the structure and function of lymphatic vessels and organs, as well as the types of immune defenses, including innate and adaptive immunity. It explains the roles of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, the inflammatory response, and the mechanisms of B and T cells in fighting pathogens. Additionally, it addresses disorders of the immune system, such as immunodeficiency, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.

Uploaded by

Dencel Villanueva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views25 pages

Module 8 Lymphatic and Immune Sysem

The document provides an overview of the lymphatic and immune systems, detailing the structure and function of lymphatic vessels and organs, as well as the types of immune defenses, including innate and adaptive immunity. It explains the roles of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, the inflammatory response, and the mechanisms of B and T cells in fighting pathogens. Additionally, it addresses disorders of the immune system, such as immunodeficiency, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.

Uploaded by

Dencel Villanueva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Module 8

Lymphatic and Immune System


Lesson 1 – Structure and Function of the Lymphatic System

 The lymphatic system is a network of


tissues, vessels and organs that work
together to move a colorless, watery fluid
called lymph back into your circulatory
system (your bloodstream).
Lymphatic Capillaries

 Lymph or lymphatic capillaries are tiny thin-walled


vessels, closed at one end and located in the spaces
between cells throughout the body, except in the
central nervous system and non-vascular tissues.
 Lymphatic veins are slightly larger in diameter and
have greater osmotic pressure than
blood capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels

 The lymphatic vessels (or lymph


vessels or lymphatics) are thin-
walled vessels (tubes) structured like
blood vessels, that carry lymph. As part of
the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are
complementary to the cardiovascular system.
Lymphatic Vessels and Capillaries
Interrelationship between Circulatory
and Lymphatic System
 The lymphatic system is an open
transport system that works in conjunction with
the circulatory system. Lymphatic vessels collect
intercellular fluid (tissue fluid), kill foreign organisms,
and return it to the circulatory system.
The lymphatic system also prevents tissue fluid
from accumulating in the tissue spaces.
Interrelationship between Circulatory
and Lymphatic systems
 While the lymphatic system is part of the
circulatory system, comprising a network of
conduits called lymphatic vessels. Rather than
blood the lymph systems carries a clear fluid
called lymph (from Latin lympha, meaning “water
goddess”) unidirectionally towards the heart.
Lymphoid organs: primary and secondary lymphoid organs

 Because of their roles in the production of B and T


cells, the thymus and bone marrow are considered
primary lymphoid organs. Secondary lymphoid
organs include lymph nodes and spleen, which filter
lymph and blood, respectively, and where naïve B
and T cells are introduced to antigens.
Lymphoid organs: primary and secondary lymphoid organs
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses
1.Innate Immune Defenses
a.Physical and chemical barriers
b.Inflammatory Response
c.Phagocytes and natural killers
d.Protective proteins
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

 The first line of defense (or outside defense system)


includes physical and chemical barriers that are
always ready and prepared to defend the body from
infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus,
cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and
white blood cells called neutrophils.
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

 Inflammatory Response
 The inflammatory response (inflammation) occurs
when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins,
heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release
chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and
prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood
vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

 Phagocytes act by migrating to infected areas and


by ingesting and killing micro-organisms. NATURAL
KILLER CELLS induce APOPTOSIS in virus-infected
or tumour cells. MACROPHAGES remove apoptotic
and aged cells.
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

 Protective proteins
 Antibody, also called immunoglobulin, a protective
protein produced by the immune system in response to
the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen.
Antibodies recognize and latch onto antigens in order to
remove them from the body.
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

2. Adaptive Immune Defenses


a.B cells and antibody-mediated immunity
b.T cells and cell-mediated immunity
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

 B cells and antibody-mediated immunity

 Antibody-mediated immunity involves the activation of B


cells and secretion of antibodies when in contact with a
pathogen. ... Antibodies can inactivate or destroy the antigen
through a variety of mechanisms. For
example, antibodies can bind to their antigenic targets and
form antigen-antibody complexes.
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

 Cell-mediated immunity: T cells promote the killing


of cells that have ingested microorganisms and
present foreign antigens on their surface. ... Another
class of T cells called regulatory T cells function to
inhibit immune response and resolve inflammation.
Lesson 2 – Types of Immune Defenses

3. Active versus passive immunity


 A prominent difference between active and
passive immunity is that active immunity is
developed due to the production of antibodies
in one's own body, while passive immunity is
developed by antibodies that are produced
outside and then introduced into the body.
Lesson 3 – Disorders of the Immune System

 Immunodeficiency, also known as


immunocompromisation, is a state in which the
immune system's ability to fight infectious
diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely
absent. Most cases are acquired ("secondary") due
to extrinsic factors that affect the patient's
immune system.
Lesson 3 – Disorders of the Immune System

 An allergy is an immune system response to a


foreign substance that's not typically harmful to
your body. These foreign substances are called
allergens. They can include certain foods, pollen,
or pet dander. Your immune system's job is to keep
you healthy by fighting harmful pathogens.
Lesson 3 – Disorders of the Immune System

 An autoimmune disease is a condition in which


your immune system mistakenly attacks your body.
The immune system normally guards against
germs like bacteria and viruses. When it senses
these foreign invaders, it sends out an army of
fighter cells to attack them.

You might also like