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III Report

The document discusses nonequivalent control group designs, a type of quasi-experimental research where participants are not randomly assigned to groups, potentially leading to bias. It highlights the importance of pretest and posttest measurements to assess the impact of interventions while acknowledging the limitations in controlling for validity threats. An example study is provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of a garden-based nutrition intervention compared to a traditional education approach.

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milarjek
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4 views21 pages

III Report

The document discusses nonequivalent control group designs, a type of quasi-experimental research where participants are not randomly assigned to groups, potentially leading to bias. It highlights the importance of pretest and posttest measurements to assess the impact of interventions while acknowledging the limitations in controlling for validity threats. An example study is provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of a garden-based nutrition intervention compared to a traditional education approach.

Uploaded by

milarjek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NONEQUIVALENT

CONTROL GROUP
DESIGNS
REPORTED TO : MA’AM MARIA ERLINDA JARAVATA
In most cases,
nonequivalent control
group design is similar to
the classic experimental
design excepr that
participants are not
randomly assigned to
Often rescarchers use
natural groups of assign
participants to groups
using a nonrandom
method.
Sampling is still going on in
terms of choosing the study's
participants. It is just that
participants do not have the
same chance of being in either
the experimental or control
group, and as a result, the
groups are not necessarily
Some researchers match
participants at the group level
based on demographic or other
possible confounding variables.
The more similar the groups are,
the closer the design
approximates an experimental
Researchers confirm whether
two groups are comparable
(especially on the dependent
variable) at baseline by
collecting and analyzing
pertinent data, but that may not
include all baseline differences in
TABLE 6.5 NONEQUIVALENT CCONTROL
GROUP PRETEST/POSTTEST DESIGN
EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT
GROUP
CONTROL GROUP x

Where:

O sub 1: Score of Pre Test


O sub 2: Score of Post Test
X : Learning using computer-assisted
problem-
based learning media
Table 6.5 shows a nonequivalent control
group design with a pretest and
posttest.

There are a number of variations on this


design, such as posttest only with a
control group (sometimes a pretest is
not possible or would flaw the results) or
pretest and post-test with two
comparison treatments and a routine
McAleese and Rankin (2007) carried out
a nonequivalent control group study to
determine whether adolescents who
participated in a garden-based nutrition
intervention would increase their fruit
and vegetable consumption more than
those participating in a nutrition
education intervention without any
garden activities (McAleese & Rankin,
2007, p. 662). This study appears in
1. Participants: A convenience
sample of 99 sixth-grade
students in three different
schools were the participants.
Two schools had the
experimental groups and one
school had the control group.
2. Measurements: All
students took pretests
(three 24-hour food
recalls) and posttests
(three 24-hour food
3. Intervention: Both experimental
groups participated in a 12-week
nutrition education curriculum,
"Nutrition in the Garden."
Experimental school 2 also
participated in gardening activities,
maintaining and harvesting a garden
with vegetables, herbs, and
strawberries. The control group
4. Results: Using repeated measures
ANOVA, results showed that students in
experimental school 2 ate significantly
more fruits, vegetables, vitamin A, vitamin
C, and fiber after the intervention
compared to before the intervention. For
example, fruit consumption increased by
1.13 servings (P < 0.001) for students in
experimental school 2. They also ate more
fruits and vegetables than the other
This design is not as strong in
controlling for threats to internal
and external validity as is a true
experimental design. However,
the hallmark of a good quasi-
experimental study is that the
researchers have instituted
controls and sometimes a more
This design can show the
effect of an intervention, as
well as associations and
trends. When randomization is
impractical or unethical, a
nonequivalent control group
design can be useful.
A "nonequivalent control group design"
is a type of quasi-experimental research
design where two groups, one receiving
a treatment and the other acting as a
control group, are compared, but
participants are not randomly assigned
to groups, meaning the groups may
differ significantly before the
intervention, making it difficult to isolate
the true effect of the
KEY POINTS ABOUT
NONEQUIVALENT CONTROL
GROUP DESIGNS:
•No random assignment:
Unlike a true experiment,
participants are not randomly
assigned to the treatment or
control group, which can
introduce bias as the groups may
already differ in important
characteristics before the
•Intact groups:
Researchers often use
existing groups like different
classrooms, communities, or
organizations as the treatment
and control groups.
•Pretest-posttest design:
To try to account for pre-existing
differences, researchers often measure
the outcome variable (dependent
variable) in both groups before
(pretest) and after (posttest) the
intervention is implemented in the
treatment group.
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!!

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