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Lecture 2 Forces

The document discusses the fundamentals of statics, focusing on the concepts of vectors and scalars, forces, equilibrium, and systems of forces. It introduces various diagrams such as space diagrams, free body diagrams, and force diagrams, along with methods for vector addition like the parallelogram law and triangle rule. Additionally, it covers Lami's theorem and the law of polygon for analyzing forces in equilibrium situations.

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dharmeshsaurabh96
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6 views

Lecture 2 Forces

The document discusses the fundamentals of statics, focusing on the concepts of vectors and scalars, forces, equilibrium, and systems of forces. It introduces various diagrams such as space diagrams, free body diagrams, and force diagrams, along with methods for vector addition like the parallelogram law and triangle rule. Additionally, it covers Lami's theorem and the law of polygon for analyzing forces in equilibrium situations.

Uploaded by

dharmeshsaurabh96
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statics

Staticsof Particle
of Particle
• Vector:
parameters possessing magnitude and
direction which add according to the
parallelogram law. Examples: displacements,
velocities, accelerations.

• Scalar:
parameters possessing magnitude but not
direction. Examples: mass, volume,
temperature
Force
• A force represents the action of one body on
another.
• Generally represented by its point of
application, its magnitude, and its direction
• Experimental evidence shows that the
combined effect of two forces may be
represented by a single resultant force
• Resultant force R:
• A single net force of all external forces is called
resultant or resultant force.

• Equilibrium:
• Equilibrium of a body means a state of rest or
balance under the effect of the external forces
acting on the body, the net force or resultant
force = 0.
• Equilibrant (E) or balance force:
• It is a single force which balances the whole
force system, i.e. it brings into equilibrium.
• Same magnitude of resultant but opposite
direction.
System of Forces
• When two or more than two forces act on a
body, they are called to form a system of
forces.
• Concurrent forces:
• Non concurrent forces:
• Coplanar forces:
• Non Coplanar forces:
• Non-coplanar concurrent forces
• Collinear forces
Space Diagram
• A sketch showing the physical conditions of
the problem is known as a space diagram.
Free body Diagram
• A diagram showing a significant particle and
forces acting on it.
Force diagram
• A force triangle for three forces and force
polygon for more than three forces drawn
according to triangle rule or polygon rule with
exact direction is called vector diagram or
force diagram.
Bow’s notation
• They are the capital letters placed on both
sides of all the forces in space diagram or free
body diagram for convenience of naming the
forces.
Addition of vectors
• Parallelogram law:
If the two forces acting simultaneously on a
particle be represented in magnitude and
direction by the two adjacent sides of a
parallelogram; their resultant may be
represented by the diagonal of the
parallelogram, which passes through their
point of interaction.
Triangle Rule
• If the two forces acting simultaneously on a
particle be represented in magnitude and
direction by the two sides of a triangle taking
in order; their resultant may be represented in
magnitude and direction by the third side of
the triangle, taken in opposite order.
Lami’s Theorem
• If three coplanar forces, acting on a body are
in equilibrium then each force is proportional
to the sine of the angle between the other
two forces.

F1 F2 F3
 
Sin  Sin  Sin 
Law of Polygon
• It is an extension of triangle law of forces
• If a number of forces acting simultaneously on
a particle be represented in magnitude and
direction by the sides of polygon taken in
order, then the resultant of all these forces
may be represented in magnitude and
direction by the closing side of the polygon
taken in order.
Find the reaction offered by surfaces.
Weight of sphere = 100 N
Determine the tension in cables AB , BC , and CD , necessary to support
the 10-kg and 15-kg traffic lights at B and C , respectively. Also, find the
angle θ.
(1) A sphere of 100N weight is tied to a wall by a string as
shown in fig . Find the tension in the string and the
reaction of the wall. 15ͦ
(2) Determine the magnitude and nature of the
forces in the bars AB and AC shown in Fig. Neglect
size and weight of the pulley.

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