Information Security

Lecture # 13

Dr. Shafiq Hussain

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 Objectives
• Introduction to Cryptography.

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 Asymmetric Encryption
• Asymmetric encryption algorithms use two different
keys for encryption and decryption.

• The key used for encryption is the public key, and the
key used for decryption is the private key. Both the
keys must belong to the receiver.

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Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
• For example, if Alice needs to send a message to Bob,
both the keys, private and public, must belong to
Bob.

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Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
The process for the above image is as follows:
• Step 1: Alice uses Bob’s public key to encrypt the
message

• Step 2: The encrypted message is sent to Bob

• Step 3: Bob uses his private key to decrypt the

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
The process for the above image is as follows:
• Step 1: Alice uses Bob’s public key to encrypt the
message

• Step 2: The encrypted message is sent to Bob

• Step 3: Bob uses his private key to decrypt the

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
To understand the asymmetric key cryptography
architecture clearly, consider the process of sending and
receiving letters via physical mailboxes.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Anyone who has the postal address of the receiver
(public key in our case) can send any message they
want.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
However, only the receiver can read all his/her
messages thanks to the mailbox key that no other person
can have.

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Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
• This eliminates the need to exchange any secret key
between sender and receiver, thereby reducing the
window of exploitation.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
• Asymmetric key cryptography has found use in many
authentication domains thanks to its thorough identity
verification process. Some applications are as
follows:

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Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Digital signatures:
• Verification of document origin and signature
authenticity is possible today thanks to asymmetric
key cryptography.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
TLS/SSL handshake:
• Asymmetric key cryptography plays a significant role
in verifying website server authenticity, exchanging
the necessary encryption keys required, and
generating a session using those keys to ensure
maximum security. Instead of the rather insecure
HTTP website format.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Crypto-currency:
• Asymmetric key cryptography uses blockchain
technology to authorize cryptocurrency transactions
and maintain the integrity of its decentralized
architecture.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Key sharing:
• This cryptography category can also be used to
exchange secret keys for symmetric encryption since
keeping such keys private is of utmost importance in
its system.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
• Asymmetric Key Cryptography is also Called Public
Key Cryptography.

• Asymmetric key cryptography is also called public-

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
RSA Encryption:
• RSA encryption is an asymmetric encryption
algorithm named after its founders (Rivest, Shamir &
Adleman) that uses block cipher methodology to
encrypt data.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
RSA Encryption:
• It has been adopted worldwide in many industries like
VPNs, chat applications, browser authorization, and
email encryption, to name a few.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
RSA Encryption:
• RSA algorithm is also used for the signing of
documents, where the sender can sign a document
using his own private key, and the receiver verifies
the document using the sender’s public key.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
RSA Encryption:
• Since both keys are mathematically linked, it is
impossible to replace either of the keys with a
fraudulent piece.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Advantages of Using Asymmetric Key
Cryptography:

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Advantages of Using Asymmetric Key Cryptography:

No key sharing:
• Asymmetric key cryptography overcomes the biggest
flaw of symmetric key cryptography since it doesn’t
need to exchange any keys that can decrypt data.

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Advantages of Using Asymmetric Key Cryptography:

Proof of owner:
• Since it links the private and public keys together, a
message is decrypted using a private key.

• It stands as evidence that the message originated from

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Advantages of Using Asymmetric Key Cryptography:

Longer key lengths:

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 Asymmetric Encryption (Cont..)
Advantages of Using Asymmetric Key Cryptography:

Tamper-proof:
• Hackers can’t modify data during transmission since
doing so will prevent the receiver's private key from
decrypting the message, thus informing the receiver
that the message has been meddled with.

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 Questions
Any Question Please?

You can contact me at: [email protected]

Your Query will be answered within one working day.

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 Further Readings
• Chapter No. 1
Computer_Security_Principles_and_Practice_(3rd_E
dition)
By William Stallings and Lawrie Brown

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Thanks

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