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 Personal Development
Lesson 01

Knowing and
understanding
oneself
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“WHO AM I?”

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What do you
really want?

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Why do you
really like doing
these things or
being with
these people?

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Activity: Johari Window
1.Divide the Group: Participants can work individually or in
pairs/small groups.
2.Introduce the Quadrants: Explain the purpose of each
quadrant:
1. Open: Traits you and others are aware of.
2. Blind: Traits others see in you, but you are unaware of.
3. Hidden: Traits you know but choose to keep private.
4. Unknown: Traits unknown to you and others.

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 Self
 is popularly and generally defined as what an individual sees,
perceives, and defines oneself apart from others.
 In personality psychology, "self" is defined as the sense of
personal identity and individuality, including all characteristics,
mentality, consciousness, and attributes (Baker and Baker, 1987).
 Self is the foundation of all human behavior. Moreover, people
can define themselves based on what they believe, their
opinions, past experiences, actions, religious associations,
ethnicity, or values.

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Three Dimensions of Self
1. Physical dimension
 The physical dimension revolves around the
physical body of the human being,
specifically its processes, functions,
mechanisms, and chemistry.
 This dimension is responsible for giving the
ability to move our muscles, to perceive our
surroundings with our senses, and to think of
the ideas and opinions that make life
exciting and interesting.

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Three Dimensions of Self
2. Psychological
Dimension
 psychological dimension that covers stress,
cognition, behavior, attitude, emotion, and
ultimately, personality.
 the psychological dimension of the self refers to
the individual as a set of characteristics,
behaviors, attitudes, cognitions, and emotions
that also includes how one relates with other
people and how a person regulates his or her
emotions.

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Three Dimensions of Self
3. Spiritual Dimension
Spiritual dimension allows us to view ourselves as
spiritual beings.
This dimension is subjective and cannot be
observed, but can be perceived only by the person
himself or herself. It holds relevance to a perceived
existence of God and how a person views one's
Creator in relation to one's self.
This dimension talks about the greater good and
gives meaning and significance to our existence.

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Self-concept
 basically, refers to the totality of the
thoughts, experiences, and feelings
concerning a person
 is our individual perceptions of our
behavior, abilities, and unique
characteristics—a mental picture of who
you are as a person.

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Self-concept
(1) is unique to the individual;
(2) can be positive or negative;
(3) has emotional, intellectual, and functional
dimensions;
(4) changes with the environmental context;
(5) changes over time; and
(6) has a powerful influence on one’s life.

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 Self-Esteem
 is defined as how we value
ourselves based on the perceived
distance between our criteria and
our current selves.
 When people get closer to their
goals, self-esteem strengthens.

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 Self-Esteem
 Having a good, healthy self-esteem
can impact your mental well-being,
motivation, and overall quality of life.
 People with healthy self-esteem also
recognize and accept their flaws,
and strengths, and hold realistic
expectations for themselves and
others.
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Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
Self-concept and self-esteem are two different terms that
are usually mistakenly interchanged.
● Self-concept - is our ● Self-esteem - does not focus on
cognition of ourselves, what how we know ourselves but
we think and know about rather our attitude toward
ourselves. It is a more
our identity, personality, and
situational approach in terms of
individuality. It requires a lot
attitude because self-esteem is
of self-evaluation and
how we value ourselves, given
reflection to be able to say the negative or positive
that your self-concept is feedback we receive.
high.
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 Attitude
 A key factor in personality development is attitude
 Attitude refers to a settled way of thinking and feeling
about someone or something, typically reflecting a
person's behavior.
 Attitude manifests itself as behavior and
representative of personality.

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 Attitude
 Attitude can be both implicit and explicit.
• Implicit attitudes are thoughts or feelings that
conscious awareness does not cover.
• Explicit attitudes - however, can be perceived
consciously and expressed accordingly.

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Attitudes and Its Components:

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 3 COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE
Affect In psychology, the term is used to represent emotions directed to the self, the environment, and to
others. For one to develop a bitter attitude toward being rejected, for example, there must be an
underlying emotional response to the action and its doer. Attitude however cannot be solely
described or defined by one component alone.
Cognition The term refers to the way we think. It encompasses our thoughts on different levels, ranging from
ourselves to our environment, from imaginary to perceivable reality. While cognitions involve all
that we mentally conceive such as ideas that we create, affect is solely focused on emotions.
Again, cognition as a component of attitude is only a viewpoint, a portion of the bigger picture of
attitude. A common question in psychology is which comes first, affect or cognition?

Behavior This is the action form or manifestation of attitude. Without attitude, affect, and cognition, behavior
will be rendered baseless and ungrounded It would seem that attitude has a one-way direct effect
on behavior when it is proven otherwise.
Attitude affects behavior as behavior affects attitude. A practical application of this is the relatable
situation of trying a new approach to particular situations wherein a different behavior is
encouraged to the person who has a different attitude toward the subject. A very specific example
on how one's behavior can affect one's attitude is the act of smiling even when things are going
the wrong way. A person's affect might be predominantly sad and has an effect on this person's
present attitude. Yet smiling, the example behavior in this situation, elicits a change in the effect of
sadness to a person's attitude because smiling is associated with happiness. The association of
happiness to the behavior then affects the present attitude in various degrees.
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Factors of Attitude:
1. Social factors
 also influence attitude heavily. Your
roles in a social environment and
the social norm that tell you what
to do and what not to do in a social
situation also affect attitude.

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Factors of Attitude:
2. Operant Conditioning
 can also affect and influence how we develop attitudes.
 A common example would be alcohol consumption and the
headache that a hangover gives a person. It is a matter of
consequences, pleasant or unpleasant, that affects our attitude
toward it. If it helps us to escape from our problems, we develop
a pleasant attitude toward it. Then again, upon waking with a
hangover, we realize that alcohol did not solve the problem.
Thus, we experience guilt and regret that which is unpleasant.

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Factors of Attitude:
3. Modeling
 is when a parent or someone particularly close to us like a person
we admire or adore does something,
 it is more than likely we would be doing the same thing that they
are doing. If our parents loved playing musical instruments, then
we are more likely to imitate them and their attitude.
 In a negative application, if our parents dislike confiding in us about
what they feel and think, then we might end up having some
difficulties opening up to others or expressing our feelings,
thoughts, and ideas to other people as well.
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Questions
Assignment:
Enjoy your
Holidays! 29