Introduction to IoT
Module 1
Agenda
• What is IoT
• Genesis of IoT
• IoT and Digitization
• IoT Impact
• Convergence of IT and IoT
• IoT Challenges
• IoT Network Architecture and Design
• Drivers Behind New Network Architectures,
• Comparing IoT Architectures
• A Simplified IoT Architecture
• The Core IoT Functional Stack
• IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
By: Hemanth Kumar , Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
What Is IoT?
• IoT is a technology transition in which devices will allow us to sense and control the
physical world by making objects smarter and connecting them through an intelligent
network.
• GOAL: The basic premise and goal of IoT is to “connect the unconnected.” This means
that objects that are not currently joined to a computer network, namely the Internet, will
be connected so that they can communicate and interact with people and other objects.
• When objects and machines can be sensed and controlled remotely across a network, a
tighter integration between the physical world and computers is enabled.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
GENESIS OF IOT
• The person credited with the creation of the term “Internet of Things” is Kevin
Ashton. While working for Procter & Gamble in 1999, Kevin used this phrase
to explain a new idea related to linking the company’s supply chain to the
Internet.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
IoT and Digitization
• IoT and digitization are terms that are often used interchangeably. In most
contexts, this duality is fine, but there are key differences to be aware of.
• At a high level, IoT focuses on connecting “things,” such as objects and
machines, to a computer network, such as the Internet. IoT is a well-understood
term used across the industry as a whole.
• Digitization, as defined in its simplest form, is the conversion of information
into a digital format.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
IoT Impact
• Projections on the potential impact of IoT are impressive.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
Connected Roadways
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
CONVERGENCE OF IT AND OT
• Until recently, information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT)
have for the most part lived in separate worlds.
• IT supports connections to the Internet along with related data and technology
systems and is focused on the secure flow of data across an organization.
• OT monitors and controls devices and processes on physical operational
systems.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
IOT CHALLENGES
• The most significant challenges and problems that IoT is currently facing are
• Scale
• Security
• Privacy
• Big data and data analytics
• Interoperability
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
COMPARING IOT ARCHITECTURES
• The oneM2M IoT Standardized Architecture
• In an effort to standardize the rapidly growing field of machine-to-machine (M2M)
communications, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) created
the M2M Technical Committee in 2008. The goal of this committee was to create a
common architecture that would help accelerate the adoption of M2M applications and
devices. Over time, the scope has expanded to include the Internet of Things.
• One of the greatest challenges in designing an IoT architecture is dealing with the
heterogeneity of devices, software, and access methods.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
• API ?
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
Contd..,
• The oneM2M architecture divides IoT functions into three major domains: the
application layer, the services layer, and the network layer.
• Applications layer: The oneM2M architecture gives major attention to
connectivity between devices and their applications.
• Services layer: This layer is shown as a horizontal framework across the
vertical industry applications. At this layer, horizontal modules include the
physical network that the IoT applications run on, the underlying management
protocols, and the hardware.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
Contd..,
• Network layer: This is the communication domain for the IoT devices and
endpoints. It includes the devices themselves and the communications network
that links them.
By: Hemanth Kumar Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
The IoT World Forum (IoTWF) Standardized
Architecture
• This publish a seven-layer IoT architectural reference model.
• While various IoT reference models exist, the one put forth by the IoT World
Forum offers a clean, simplified perspective on IoT and includes edge
computing, data storage, and access.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
Contd..,
• Using this reference model, we are able to achieve the following:
1. Decompose the IoT problem into smaller parts
2. Identify different technologies at each layer and how they relate to one
another
3. Define a system in which different parts can be provided by different
vendors
4. Have a process of defining interfaces that leads to interoperability
5. Define a tiered security model that is enforced at the transition points
between levels
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
• Layer 1: Physical Devices and Controllers Layer
• The first layer of the IoT Reference Model is the physical devices and controllers layer.
This layer is home to the “things” in the Internet of Things, including the various
endpoint devices and sensors that send and receive information.
• The size of these “things” can range from almost microscopic sensors to giant machines
in a factory.
• Their primary function is generating data and being capable of being queried and/or
controlled over a network.
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
• Layer 2: Connectivity Layer
• In the second layer of the IoT Reference Model, the focus is on connectivity.
• The most important function of this IoT layer is the reliable and timely transmission of
data. More specifically, this includes transmissions between Layer 1 devices and the
network and between the network and information processing that occurs at Layer 3 (the
edge computing layer).
By: Hemanth Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA
