MQTT-Based End-to-End IoT System for Smart City Scenarios

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 MQTT-Based End-to-End IoT System for Smart City Scenarios

NAME OF THE SUPERVISOR

PROJECT MEMBERS
Ms. Uma
Assistant Professor 1. Akash Raj J M - 210421205007
Department of Information Technology 2. Mukesh K- 210421205041
2104- CHENNAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Information Technology
CHENNAI-600069
2104 - CHENNAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHENNAI-600069

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 ABSTRACT

• The proposed IoT system integrates wearable sensors, an Android-based gateway, and an MQTT broker with a web-
based dashboard for real-time data collection and monitoring.

• The system supports safe and sustainable urban mobility, offering a low-cost and open-source framework to enhance
road safety and support smart city applications.

• Fully open-source, the system encourages global collaboration and customization.

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 INTRODUCTION

• This project focuses on the development of an MQTT-based IoT system for smart cities.

• The primary goal is to provide real-time monitoring and enhance safety for vulnerable road users (VRUs) like
pedestrians and cyclists. By leveraging open-source tools and scalable architecture, the system ensures cost efficiency,
transparency, and modularity.

• The system bridges gaps in urban mobility by connecting VRUs to IoT ecosystems and Promotes safer, more
sustainable transportation through real-time monitoring.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
REFERENCE METHODOLOGY ALGORITHM ADVANTAGE LIMITATION
USED

D’Ortona, C.; Tarchi, • The paper proposes • The system uses a • Cost-Effectiveness: • Network Dependency:
D.; Raffaelli, C. an end-to-end IoT publish-subscribe Uses open-source Requires stable
(2022). Open-Source system based on model based on the and commercial off- network connections
MQTT-Based End-to- open-source MQTT protocol to the-shelf (COTS) for MQTT messaging,
End IoT System for technologies for ensure hardware, reducing which may not be
Smart City Scenarios. monitoring road asynchronous data deployment costs. available in all areas.
Future Internet, users in smart cities. transmission.
14(57). • Real-Time • Limited Sensor
• A feasibility study • The BLE Monitoring: Low- Integration: The
evaluates the communication latency data current
system's follows a client- transmission implementation
effectiveness in server model with ensures continuous supports a limited set
real-world GATT attributes monitoring and of sensors, restricting
applications. and characteristics quick response to application scope
for efficient data incidents.
exchange.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
REFERENCE METHODOLOGY ALGORITHM ADVANTAGE LIMITATION
USED

Ray, P. P. (2016). A • A comparative • It examines machine • Focus on scalability: • Limited real-world

survey of IoT cloud analysis is performed learning-based Discusses how IoT testing: The study is
platforms. Future to evaluate cloud resource allocation platforms can primarily based on
Computing and platforms' support algorithms for efficiently manage theoretical comparisons
Informatics Journal, for data security, optimizing cloud large-scale data rather than practical
1(1), 35-46. Elsevier, communication performance. processing implementations
Netherlands. protocols, and • it explores edge • Interoperability • Security aspects not
It categorizes cloud scalability. computing challenges deeply analyzed: While
platforms based on • The study also frameworks to addressed: Evaluates encryption and
data processing, investigates IoT enhance real-time the integration of authentication are
communication middleware solutions data processing in various IoT devices mentioned, they are not
protocols, and security for handling IoT networks. with cloud explored in depth.
mechanisms. heterogeneous infrastructures.
device
communication.

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 EXISTING SYSTEM

• Existing IoT systems for smart cities are largely proprietary, relying on closed-source hardware and software.

• These systems often involve high implementation costs and limited customization, making them inaccessible for
broader applications.

• They also lack real-time capabilities and scalability needed for heterogeneous urban environments and ack of
transparency in traditional platforms reduces trust among users.

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 DRAWBACKS IN EXISTING SYSTEM

▪ Lack of Modularity: Difficult to expand or integrate additional functionalities..

▪ Limited Interoperability: Closed-source nature restricts scalability.
▪ High Costs: Proprietary systems require expensive hardware and software.
▪ Delayed Communication: Inefficient protocols lead to latency.

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 PROBLEM DEFINITION

• Transparency: Open-source architecture ensures visibility and scalability while reducing operational expenses.
By leveraging low-cost hardware like ESP32 and Raspberry Pi, the system eliminates reliance on expensive
proprietary solutions.

• Security: The system ensures robust security by encrypting all data transmitted via MQTT, preventing
unauthorized access and ensuring confidentiality. Secure authentication mechanisms, such as username-password
and token-based verification, are implemented to authorize users and devices.

• Efficiency: For improved MQTT efficiency with Raspberry Pi, use a lightweight broker like Mosquitto, select
QoS 0 for faster, low-overhead message delivery, and optimize message payloads to reduce bandwidth
consumption.

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 PROPOSED SYSTEM

• A private blockchain will be used to record donation transactions, ensuring immutability and transparency. Smart
contracts will automate donation conditions and fund release, providing trustless operations.

• The system supports multiple roles: Donors, Beneficiaries, Voters, and Admins. Donors contribute to campaigns,
beneficiaries track and receive funds, voters validate fund releases, and admins manage campaigns.

• Funds are released to beneficiaries based on predefined milestones or conditions. A voting mechanism involving
the community will ensure that fund releases are approved only when certain conditions are met.

• Every transaction is recorded on the blockchain, ensuring complete transparency. Data is encrypted for privacy,
and smart contracts are audited for security to prevent any vulnerabilities.

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 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
• Real-time Data provides immediate updates, enabling quick decision-making in critical scenarios. This enhances
responsiveness in dynamic environments for timely actions.

• Open-Source significantly reduces costs and encourages customization to meet specific needs. It fosters community-
driven development, innovation, and continuous improvements over time.

• Scalability of modular design ensures easy future extensions and integration with other systems or technologies. It
allows growth without major overhauls or disruptions.

• Multi-application use Ideal for various applications like traffic monitoring, safety alerts, and smart city services,
supporting diverse functionalities in modern urban settings..

• The system incorporates robust security measures to protect data and user privacy this ensures secure communication
and prevents unauthorized access or tampering .

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 PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM

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 MODULES

User Authentication and BLE Sensor Integration

Data Collection and Gateway Communication

MQTT-Based Publish-Subscribe Protocol

Real-time Web Dashboard

Data Storage and Management

Alert and Notification System

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 METHODOLOGY

System Design defines the architecture and components of the IoT system. Ensures compatibility between
wearable sensors, gateways, and the MQTT broker .
•Data Collection utilizes wearable ESP32 sensors to capture environmental and user data. Sends this data through
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to the Android gateway.

•Message Routing employs the MQTT protocol for efficient message routing. Ensures reliable, asynchronous
communication between the Android gateway and Raspberry Pi MQTT broker.

•Real-time Monitoring implements a web-based dashboard for displaying real-time data. Provides instant
updatration in real-world conditions like Wi-Fi and 4G.

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 ALGORITHMS

1.Data Collection and Notification Algorithm:

BLE-based notifications ensure real-time data transfer to the gateway. This enables timely updates for accurate
and efficient decision-making.

2.MQTT Publish-Subscribe Algorithm:

Asynchronous data routing ensures efficient communication between devices. It minimizes delays and ensures reliable
message delivery across the network.

3.Monitoring Algorithm:
Real-time updates are displayed on the dashboard for instant insights. Provides users with live status and system
performance monitoring at all times.

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 OUTPUTS

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 CONCLUSION

• Provides a sustainable framework for smart cities with long-term cost benefits and creates a scalable infrastructure that
supports future urban growth. Ensures cost savings while fostering long-term sustainability in city development.

•Lays a foundation for integrating advanced technologies like AI for predictive insights it facilitates the integration of AI and
machine learning technologies. Improves decision-making through data-driven, predictive insights for urban management.

•Provides a modular and cost-effective solution for sustainable smart city management offers flexible and scalable solutions for
diverse city needs. Reduces costs and supports sustainable, efficient city management in the long run.

•Establishes a foundation for expanding urban safety systems using IoT technologies and integrates IoT solutions to improve
urban safety. Supports proactive monitoring and rapid response to emerging safety challenges.

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 REFERENCES
• Rayes, A.; Salam, S. Internet of Things from Hype to Reality—The Road to Digitization, 2nd ed.; Springer: Cham,
Switzerland, 2019.

• Belli, L.; Cilfone, A.; Davoli, L.; Ferrari, G.; Adorni, P.; Di Nocera, F.; Dall’Olio, A.; Pellegrini, C.; Mordacci, M.;
Bertolotti, E. IoT-Enabled Smart Sustainable Cities: Challenges and Approaches. Smart Cities 2020, 3, 52.

• Srivastava, A.; Gupta, M.S.; Kaur, G. Green Smart Cities. In Green and Smart Technologies for Smart Cities, 1st
ed.; Tomar, P., Kaur, G., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2019; pp. 1–18.

• Fernandes, B.; Neves, J.; Analide, C. Road Safety and Vulnerable Road Users—Internet of People Insights. In
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems, Porto, Portugal, 22–24
April 2017; pp. 311–316.

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 REFERENCES
• Chang, K.H. Bluetooth: A viable solution for IoT. IEEE Wireless Communication. 2014, 21, 6–7.

• OSI Networking and System Aspects—Naming, Addressing and Registration.Information Technology—

Procedures for the Operation of Object iDentifier Registration Authorities: Generation of Universally Unique
Identifiers and Their Use in Object Identifiers. Rec. X.667; ITU-T. 2012.

• Grgi´c, K.; Špeh, I.; Hedi, I. A web-based IoT solution for monitoring data using MQTT protocol. In Proceedings
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2016; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ,USA, 2016; pp. 249–253.

• Lubbers, P.; Albers, B.; Salim, F. Pro HTML5 Programming—Powerful APIs for Richer Internet Application
Development, 1st ed.;Apress: New York, NY, USA, 2010.

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 REFERENCES

• Pimentel, V.; Nickerson, B.G. Communicating and Displaying Real-Time Data with WebSocket. IEEE Internet
Comput. 2012, 16, 45–53.

• Mishra,B.; Mishra, B.; Kertesz, A. Stress-Testing MQTT Brokers: A Comparative Analysis of Performance
Measurements. Energies 2021, 14, 5817.

• Butun, I.; Österberg, P.; Song, H. Security of the Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and
Countermeasures. IEEE Communication. Survey. Tutor. 2020, 22, 616–644

• Singh, M.; Rajan, M.; Shivraj, V.; Balamuralidhar, P. Secure MQTT for Internet of Things (IoT). In Proceedings
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 THANK YOU

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