LIBRARY STUDY - HOSPITAL

SUBMITTED TO – AR. PREETI BHATIA

- AR. JYOTI SINGH SUMITTED BY – BRAHMJOT SINGH (2022459)
- KUMARI DIKSHA (2022466)
- AR. JAGDEEP KAUR GARCHA - SHIVANI SHARMA (2022473)
What is a Hospital?
 It is an institution for providing health care treatment to the patients with special staff and equipment .

 It is an complex type of building.

Categories of Hospital
 Category 1: 20-25 Beds  Category 3: 101-300 Beds

 Category 2: 51-100 Beds  Category 4: 301-500 Beds

Site Selection
 Easily accessible to transportation and communication lines.  Space for future expansion.

 Noise free.  Parking areas.

Operational Areas of the Building

 Administration  Supply

 Examination  Disposal and service operations

 Treatment
 Structure

 The general hospital is functionally divided into areas for

examination and treatment, care, administration, social services,
supply and waste disposal and services.
 Additionally, there are residential areas and sometimes areas for
tuition and research (university teaching hospital). The above
operational areas are close neighbours but operationally separate.
 It is necessary to maintain short horizontal and vertical connections
while preserving the greatest possible flexibility and a smooth flow of
traffic between all departments.
 Hospitals are categorised according to their function into general and
specialist hospitals and university teaching hospitals.
 Hospitals are also divided into those for basic provision (up to about
240 beds), normal provision (up to about 520 beds) and main
Space guidelines for a general hospital
hospitals (up to 800 beds), depending on their particular purpose.
 Space Allocation Plan
 A space allocation plan has to be produced as part of the design
process, and this forms the basis of the structure and requirements
of the entire hospital.
 Any specialist emphasis in a hospital has an effect on the nature and
size of other departments.
 The area guideline values can give an overview of the size of the
individual departments.
 It should be noted that these guideline values are only
recommendations and depend on the specialist equipment and
services of the hospital in question. Vertical diagram of compactly structured
hospital with approx. 200 beds

Orientation
 The best orientation for treatment and operational rooms is between north-west and north-east.

 For the fronts of patient rooms, south-east or south-west is favourable, with pleasant morning sun, little heat build-up, few sun
protection measures necessary and temperate evenings.
 East-west rooms in contrast have deeper summer sun penetration but little winter sun.
Classification of Hospitals
Depending upon nature care
 Primary Health Care : Catering for 700-
1000 people
 Secondary Health Care : The health
centre at district levels.
 Tertiary Health Care : Super or Mult
specialities health centres.
Zoning
5 main type of zoning.

 Emergency Zone :

 Needs different entrance from OPD, located near the OPD and dignos areas are preferably on ground floor.

 OPD Zone :

 Main public entrance, short term treatment patients entry, easily accessible.

 OT Zone :

 Operation areas, Noise free, generally located on first or second floor, well ventilated and clean area, well connected to surgical
wards.

 Dignos Zone :

 Easily accessible for both OPD and Emergency.

 Service Zone :

 Services as AC unit or electric unit, Not approachable for public, different entry is recommended.
Elements Of Hospital
 OPD Areas  OT Area

• Ideally on ground floor • Very private and silent area

• Reception and Record room • Good ventilation
• Lobby or lounge with seating • Attached utility store
• Storage for wheelchairs and stretchers
• Public areas such as Pharma, Florist shops, Pooja etc.  Emergency Areas

• Different entrance from OPD with different entrance and lobby

 ICU • Examine room, X-Ray or Lab area
• Intensive care unit • Doctors cabin, recovery room
• Beds are in clear vision of nurse station • Minor OT

 Diagnos Area  Ward Facilities

• Radiology area • Nurse station

• X-Ray area • Examine and treatment room, sanitary rooms
• Nuclear Medicine • Room for staff nurse, storage for wheelchair and stretchers
• Room size depends on equipments
The Main Principles
Segregation, Circulation, Protection, Service control
 Segregation : To divide or create buffer zones in the • Vertical : Stairs, Ramps, Lifts
complex for completing the purpose of
• Clean and dirty affairs
 Stairs : Handrails on both sides
• Types of patients
• Width = 1.5-1.8m
• Types of Traffic
• Riser = 150mm
• Public or quite areas
• Tread = 280-300mm
• Function

 Lifts : Separate lifts for staff, patients, visitor and

 Entrance Segregation services.
• Main : The direct entrance for both emergency and • Lift car size = 0.9 X 1.2m
public from road
• Clear size of shaft = 1.25 X 1.5m
• OPD Entrance : An entrance for outpatient.
• Lobby Area = 5-6 sq.mt. lift on upper floor
• Emergency : The entrance only for emergency.
= 15-20 sq.mt. per lift on ground floor
• Parking : Different parking should be provided for
both doctors and public.
 Doors :
• Services : Separate entrance for employees and
services • Normal/Ward door = 2.2m
• Vehicle entrance = 2.5m
 Circulation : The building circulation is done by
• Horizontal : Corridors or pathways
Minimum width : 3000mm Minimum width : 3000mm
Widths above 3000mm for This dimension is normally used
straight run of conditions in corridors

Minimum width of beds moving

diagonally : 2000mm

Minimum width in the areas of

Minimum width for frequent infrequent use : 1600-1800mm
uses: 2000mm
Services
 Ramps :  Kitchen :

• Gradient is 1:10 • Proper service lane

• Width is 2.5m • Near to service lift or staircase
• Width at landing at the U-Turn is 3m
• Ramps steeper than 1:8 are not allowed  Mortuary :

• The minimum landing size shall be 60 inches by 60 inches • Generally on ground floor or basement
• Have non-slippery surface • Different post-mortem room
• Small staffroom
 Nursing Services :

• Nursing station is given in a ward, so that nurse keeps an eye  Laundary :

on all patients. • Collects the dirty linen from all the complex.
• Double corridor. • Hidden services or corridor
• Clear utility is designed. • Generally placed at basement
• Elevators or lifts are located outside nursing station.
 Rinsing
Central Sterilisation
Cleaning
And Supply Receipt

Department (CSSD)
 Method involves cleaning,
Issue &
disinfecting and sterilizing of Distributio Drying
all equipments before use. n
CSSD
 Done by heating with
pressurized steam.
 Packing all materials for
Storage Checking
sterilization.
 Accessible to lifts or stairs.

Labelling Sterilizatio
n

Functions and Activities of CSSD

Parking
Parking can be provided in 3 ways
Note :
 Short Term Parking ECS for each car space
• Basement – 35 sq.mt.
• Can be used by visitors. • Stilts - 30 sq.mt.
• Open - 25 sq.mt.
• Provided on the ground floor.

 Long Term Parking

• ‘Provided for people working in offices.

• Provided in the basement or on the roof top.

 Service core Parking

• Should be provided on the backside of the building for easy unloading of goods.
Parking parallel to the road 45 degree parking, one way traffic

90 degree parking, 5.5 metre road.

Parking spaces 2.5 metre wide

90 degree entry/exit parking,

Oblique Parking Layout
For 2 way traffic space 2.3m wide
Traffic
3 types of traffic flow : Patients, Staff, Supply

 Shortest traffic route

 Separate path for different type of patient

 Control over the incoming and the outgoing of visitors, is essential for
infection to be controlled.
 The nursing station should be suited as to assist the nurse to exercise
control over patient corridors and over the visitors entering and living the
unit in OT and ICU’s, normal traffic must be avoided.
 There are three separate corridors in OTS- Clean corridor, Dirty corridor,
Connections between areas
Sterile corridor
Zoning

Zoning of the IPD Department

Zoning of the OPD Department

Zoning of the O.T. Complex Zoning of the Emergency Department
 Station Pharmacy

Doctor’s office/ Patients lounge

Bathroom

Nurse’s work area

Fire Fighting
 The number of exits and escape routes required

• 500 people – 2 exits

• 1000 people – 3 exits
 All exits shall be free from obstructions.

 Every exit door way shall open towards the escape.

 No exit door way and staircase shall not be less than

• 100cm in width
• 210cm in height
• 125cm wide tread
• 25cm high riser
 No door when open shall reduce the required width of stairway or landing to less than 90cm.

 The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping.