WIPRO EARTIAN –

Solid Waste Activity

Name of Participants –
• Naisha Pahal
• Lavanya Sharma
• Aashna Sindhu
• Udayvir Singh Thakur
• Jasleen Kaur Dhiman
School Name – GURUKUL GLOBAL SCHOOL
GUIDE TEACHER – MS. ANJU MAM
ACTIVITY
–1
 CATEGORIZING WASTE WORKSHEET

ITEM OF WASTE LOCATION OF WASTE WAS THE WASTE IN A IF NO, THEN WHERE WHAT IS THE ITEM MADE WHO MIGHT HAVE DISPOSED OF THIS
BIN? WAS IT? UP OF? WHAT NATURAL WASTE?
RESOURCES WERE USED?

1. Paper cup Office No On a desk Paper (wood pulp trees) Employees

2. Food wrapper Playground No On the ground Plastic (petroleum) Students

3. Pen Library No Under a table Plastic (petroleum) Metal Students

(aluminium)

4. Soda can Canteen Yes Dustbin Aluminium (bauxite) Staff/Students

5. Old notebook Classroom No In a drawer Paper (wood pulp trees) Students/Teachers

6. Plastic bottle playground No on a bench Plastic (petroleum) Students/Staff

7. Broken chair Auditorium No In a corner Wood Metal (iron) Maintenance crew/Students

8. Chewing gum wrapper Hallway No On the floor Paper (wood pulp trees) Students
Aluminium

9. Disposable fork Cafeteria Yes Dustbin Plastic (petroleum) Students/Staff

10. Broken light bulb Storage room No On a shelf Glass (silica) Metal (tungsten) Maintenance crew
 WASTE ! WASTE ! WASTE !
01 What is waste? How would you define waste in one sentence?
Ans. Waste: Unwanted or discarded materials, substances, or by-products no
longer needed or useful.

02 Where does waste come from? How does everything we do create

waste?
Ans. Waste comes from human activities like consumption, industrial processes,
agriculture, and transportation. Everything we do creates waste, including
using energy, consuming products, producing goods, traveling, and
building.
 03 What are natural resources ?

04
Ans. Natural resources: Materials or substances found in nature, like
When
water, air, soil,does something
minerals, become
and living waste?
organisms.
Ans. Something becomes waste when it's no longer needed,
broken, spoiled, or discarded.

05Who decides when an object becomes waste?

Ans. Individuals, communities, or societies decide when
an object becomes waste based on its usefulness, condition,
or purpose.
06 Who collects the waste from your school/college bins?
07
Ans. School/college
Where does this waste go?is collected by janitors, maintenance staff, or
waste management services.
Ans. Waste goes to landfills, recycling centre's, composting facilities, or incinerators.

08 Do you think everything you listed was actually waste? Why or

why not?
Ans. Not everything listed was waste; some items could be reused,
recycled, or repurposed.
09 Do you think that some of the things that you might throw away could be valuable
to someone else? For example, old jeans that don't fit you anymore can be given to your
younger brother.

10
Ans. Yes, some discarded items can be valuable to others, like old jeans that can be
given toDefine littering.
someone else or repurposed as cleaning rags.

Ans. Littering: Disposing of waste improperly, like throwing trash

on the ground or in the wrong bins. Not all trash in the bin is litter;
littering refers to intentional or careless disposal.
.
11 If you did the Waste Scavenger Hunt at home, were
the results the same as those as you got at school/college?

Ans. Waste: Unwanted or discarded materials,

substances, or by-products no longer needed or
useful.
REFLECTION
-

- We generate more waste than we think.

- Small actions can reduce waste.
- Reusing and recycling can give old items new value.
- Proper disposal and waste management are crucial.
- Individual choices impact the environment.
- Waste reduction starts with awareness and education.
OBJECTIVES
1. Can we define waste as things that are thrown away because they've been used, damaged, or are
unwanted?

Answer: Yes, waste can be defined as items that are thrown away because they have been used,
damaged, or are unwanted. They are of no utility to us anymore.

2. What are the different types of waste you saw?

Answer: I saw various biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. The biodegradable includes paper
cup, old notebook etc. and non-biodegradable includes broken test tube, bottle cap, pen etc.

3. What are some of the natural resources that have been used to make the items in your audit?

Answer:
- Paper cup: Paper -Food wrapper: Plastic

- Pen: Plastic, Metal -Soda can: Aluminium

- Old notebook: Paper - Plastic bottle: Plastic

4. Just because you've used an item, does it need to be thrown away?
Answer: No, not necessarily. Some items can be reused, recycled, or
repurposed instead of being thrown away.

5. Is It possible that you might find something useful that

someone else has thrown away?
Answer: Yes, it is possible to find items that are still useful
but have been discarded by others. Utility is subjective
from person to person and an item can be a waste for one
and a lifesaving or very helpful commodity for another.
 Activity 2
Categorizing Waste - Is All Waste the Same?

Introduction:
Waste management is one of the most pressing environmental
challenges faced by modern society. With increasing global
populations and consumerism, the amount of waste generated
continues to rise, necessitating effective strategies for disposal
and recycling. However, not all waste is created equal. Different
types of waste require distinct methods of treatment and disposal,
each with unique environmental, economic, and health
implications. In this activity we will explore the various categories
of waste, including organic, recyclable, hazardous, and non-
recyclable waste.
 Types of waste

 Dry / Recyclable Waste Objectives:

 Biomedical Waste To understand the ways in which we

divide waste and why these
 Electronic Waste Or E- Waste categories are useful and to begin
 Construction/ Demolition Waste to consider appropriate approaches
to waste segregation. To be able to
 Hazardous Or Chemical Waste
segregate waste. To understand
 Wet/ Biodegradable Waste what is ‘biodegradability’.
 REFLECTION
1. What is the most common type of waste found on your school/college campus?
Ans. Dry/Recyclable waste and wet/biodegradable waste are the most common types of waste found in the school campus in
the form of paper and plastic wrappers.

2. Is it the same at home?

Ans. No, the waste at home varies from the one found at schools and colleges.

3. If not, what kind of waste is most common at your home?

Ans. Waste at home may include:
 Dry/Recyclable waste- In the form of plastic, broken glass, waste paper etc.
 E-Waste- In the form of batteries, light bulbs, used mobiles etc.
 Wet/Biodegradable waste- In the form of vegetable peels, leaves, food etc.

4. Why do we categorize waste?

Ans. We categorize waste in order to find appropriate methods to dispose of a type of waste based on their general and
common attributes.
1. What happens when you mix different types of waste like biomedical and hazardous wastes? Would it have an effect on human
health?

Ans. Mixing of biochemical and hazardous wastes can result in the following effects:

 Toxicity and chemical reactions between the waste and the environment.
 Breakout of infectious diseases due to pathogens present in waste.
 Contamination of soil, water and air due to the toxic nature of waste.

Yes, this waste can have an adverse effect on the health of people who are in direct contact with the area of contamination due to the
above reasons, alongside long-time effects on the nature and environment.

2. Why is it important to segregate our waste? Do you segregate your waste into WET and DRY at your school or at home?

Ans. Segregating waste is critical for various environmental, health, and economic reasons. Proper waste segregation ensures that
different types of waste are handled in the most efficient and safe manner, minimizing risks and maximizing the benefits of recycling and
disposal.

Yes, we segregate waste into WET and DRY at our schools and homes.

3. What is biodegradable waste? How can it be used to improve plant growth?

Ans. Biodegradable waste is one that will break down quickly and safely into harmless compounds by using the action of living things like
fungi and microorganisms and small organisms like earthworms.

When broken down by the living things, the waste will let nutrients it contains enter the soil. These nutrients are used by plants to aid in
their growth.
PART 1
Waste Matching Worksheet
COLUMN A (WASTE ITEMS) COLUMN B (TYPE OF WASTE)

Plastic Bag Electronic Waste

Broken Tiles Dry/Recyclable Waste

Used Mobile Chargers Wet Waste

Used Tea Leaves Biomedical Waste

Cleaning Fluid Construction Waste

Used Bandage Hazardous Waste

 PART
2
 PART 3 - Conclusions
Decomposition Observations:
Plastic Bag: The plastic bag likely showed minimal to no decomposition, remaining intact. This indicates that plastics
take a very long time to break down in soil, highlighting their environmental impact.

Cardboard/Paper: The cardboard likely became soggy and may have started to break down, demonstrating that organic
materials can decompose more readily than plastics.

Vegetable/Fruit Peels: Both pieces of fruit or vegetable peels probably decomposed significantly, becoming mushy and
releasing organic matter back into the soil. This shows that organic waste is more biodegradable and beneficial for soil
health.

Comparison of Changes: There was a clear difference in the rate of decomposition among the materials. Organic items
(peels and cardboard) decomposed faster than the plastic bag, illustrating the varying biodegradability of different
waste types.

Effect of Water: Keeping the soil damp was crucial for the decomposition process. Moisture likely accelerated the
breakdown of organic materials by promoting microbial activity, which is essential for decomposition. In contrast, the
dry conditions would have hindered the degradation of the plastic bag.
Several factors influence decomposition rates, including:
Temperature: Warmer temperatures typically enhance microbial activity, speeding up decomposition.

Type of Soil: Soil rich in organic matter and nutrients promotes faster breakdown.

Aeration: Oxygen availability can also impact decomposition, as anaerobic conditions slow

down the process.

Overall Summary:

This experiment highlights the importance of waste management

and the environmental consequences of using non-biodegradable
materials. Understanding which materials decompose more
quickly can inform better practices for reducing waste and
improving sustainability.
 REFLECTION
1. What is the most common type of waste found on your school/college campus?

Ans. Dry/Recyclable waste and wet/biodegradable waste are the most common types of waste found in
the school campus in the form of paper and plastic wrappers.

2.Is it the same at home?

Ans. No, the waste at home varies from the one found at schools and colleges.

3.If not, what kind of waste is most common at your home?

Ans. Waste at home may include:

• Dry/Recyclable waste- In the form of plastic, broken glass, waste paper etc.

• E-Waste- In the form of batteries, light bulbs, used mobiles etc.

• Wet/Biodegradable waste- In the form of vegetable peels, leaves, food etc.

4.Why do we categorize waste?

Ans. We categorize waste in order to find appropriate methods to dispose of a type of waste based on their general and
common attributes.

5.What happens when you mix different types of waste like biomedical and hazardous wastes? Would it have an effect
on human health?

Ans. Mixing of biochemical and hazardous wastes can result in the following effects:

• Toxicity and chemical reactions between the waste and the environment.

• Breakout of infectious diseases due to pathogens present in waste.

• Contamination of soil, water and air due to the toxic nature of waste. Yes, this waste can have an adverse
effect on the health of people who are in direct contact with the area of contamination due to the above reasons,
alongside long-time effects on the nature and environment.
6.Why is it important to segregate our waste? Do you segregate your waste into WET and DRY at
your school or at home?
Ans. Segregating waste is critical for various environmental, health, and economic reasons.
Proper waste segregation ensures that different types of waste are handled in the most efficient and
safe manner, minimizing risks and maximizing the benefits of recycling and disposal. Yes, we
segregate waste into WET and DRY at our schools and homes.
 ACTIVITY 3
WHERE DOES WASTE GO AND WHY IS IT A PROBLEM?

Introduction:
In an increasingly consumer-driven world, the management of waste
has become a pressing issue that affects not only our environment but
also public health and economic stability. Every day, millions of tons of
waste are generated, yet many people remain unaware of where this
waste ultimately ends up. As we delve into the various pathways of
waste disposal, it becomes clear that addressing these challenges is
essential for fostering a sustainable future. This exploration not only
sheds light on the fate of our waste but also highlights the urgent need
for more effective waste management strategies and individual
accountability in reducing our ecological footprint.
 PART -1
1. What happens to waste after it is removed from the school premises?

-Typically, after the waste is removed from the school, it is sent to a local landfill, recycling plant, composting facility. Later we found
that then the waste is segregated based on its type (e.g., recyclable vs non-recyclable). Our schools segregate organic waste for
composting and for biogas plants.

2. Where does it go?

-Our school uses a municipal waste management service, the waste could is sent to a local landfill, an incinerator, a recycling facility.
Our school have direct partnerships with recycling companies, where recyclables like paper, plastic, and glass are sent to be processed
and reused. Organic waste could be composted or sent to a waste-to-energy facility.

3. Could you find out similar aspects about where the waste from your homes and buildings is disposed?

- In residential areas, waste is often picked up by municipal workers or private waste management companies, and may go to a
landfill, recycling centre, or composting facility.

4. How is it removed and who removes it?

- Often, waste is separated into different bins on the premises (like paper, plastic, and food waste) to make the collection process
more efficient. A waste management team (either a school staff member or an outsourced local agency) is responsible for collecting
the waste. Our school uses a local body, the waste is collected in a single vehicle or multiple vehicles, depending on the sorting
method.
 Part 2
1. What are some of the problems associated with the waste management mentioned in your case study?

-Kolkata’s Dumpsite:

Leachate contamination affecting groundwater and wetlands. Air pollution from burning waste leading to respiratory issues. Heavy metal
pollution harming wildlife and human health.

Bengaluru:

Overflowing garbage leading to unsightly and unhygienic conditions. Spread of diseases due to bacteria from decomposing waste. Wildlife
scavenging through waste, exacerbating health risks.

2. Why do these problems occur?

-Lack of Infrastructure: Insufficient waste collection and disposal facilities. Poor Segregation Practices: Mixed waste increases the complexity
of recycling and proper disposal. Inadequate Public Awareness: Communities may not understand the importance of proper waste
management. Regulatory Failures: Weak enforcement of waste management regulations.

3. What are some other waste-related problems occurring in the cities mentioned?

-Kolkata:

Regular flooding exacerbated by blocked drains filled with waste. Illegal dumping in public spaces.

Bengaluru: Accumulation of e-waste and hazardous materials. Excessive use of single-use plastics contributing to waste generation.
4. Are the problems in your case study similar or different from any waste-related problems you have seen in
your locality?
-Similarities:
Overflowing garbage bins and litter in public spaces. Health issues due to unsanitary conditions.
Differences:
The scale of the problem may vary; smaller towns may not experience the same level of pollution. Local policies
and community responses might differ based on resources and governance.

5. Can you mention some additional problems that occur in your locality or town or city?
-Illegal dumping of construction debris and hazardous materials. Lack of composting facilities leading to organic
waste accumulation. Infrequent waste collection leading to overflowing bins and increased pest activity.

6. Can you think of some solutions to such problems?

-Improved Waste Management Systems: Establishing more efficient waste collection schedules and facilities.
Public Education Campaigns: Informing residents about proper waste disposal and segregation techniques.
Community Involvement: Encouraging local communities to participate in clean-up drives and recycling
initiatives. Policy Changes: Implementing stricter regulations on waste disposal and promoting sustainable
practices.
● 7. Are there any initiatives in your community or
elsewhere in India that are making waste
management more sustainable?
● -Composting Programs: Many cities are
introducing community composting initiatives to
manage organic waste effectively. Zero-Waste
Initiatives: Some localities are adopting zero-
waste policies, encouraging reduction in waste
generation. Plastic Bans: Several states have
enforced bans on single-use plastics, promoting
alternative materials. Innovative Recycling
Programs: Initiatives that encourage the recycling
of e-waste and hazardous materials to minimize
environmental impact.
Conclusion:
-By analysing waste management issues in cities like Kolkata and Bengaluru, we
can draw parallels to local challenges and explore solutions that foster
sustainable practices in our communities. Each city's unique context requires
tailored strategies, but collaboration, awareness, and innovation can lead to
meaningful improvements in waste management.
● Objectives:
● -To think about what happens to our waste
after our bins are emptied and investigate
current waste management practices in
our schools and colleges and in our
communities. To think about alternative
waste management practices that are
better for us and better for the planet.
● To understand that every product that we
use requires materials and other natural
resources like water and energy, whether it
is food that has been grown in a field, like
wheat, or manufactured in a factory.
 REFLECTION:
1. Do you think the current waste management in your school is effective?
- Yes, the effectiveness of waste management in schools often varies. Many schools have implemented recycling and
composting programs, which can be effective if supported by proper education and participation.

2. Where does the waste go finally from your school bin? Sorting: Initially, waste is sorted into different categories.
• Recycling Facilities: Recyclables are sent to recycling centres, where they are processed.

• Composting: Organic waste may be taken to a composting facility.

• Landfill: Non-recyclable and non-compostable waste is sent to a landfill.

• Waste-to-Energy: In some cases, waste that cannot be recycled or composted may be incinerated to generate energy.

3. Why do we have waste dumps in cities?

- Waste dumps in cities are necessary for several reasons:
• Centralized Waste Management: They provide a designated area to collect and manage the large volume of
waste.

• Health and Safety: Properly managed dumps help prevent waste from accumulating in public spaces.

• Resource Recovery: Some dumps facilitate recycling and resource recovery.

• Regulation: Waste dumps are regulated to ensure safe disposal and minimize environmental impact.
 4. Where are the waste dumps usually located?
– Waste dumps are typically located in areas that are:
• Remote

• Low-lying Areas

• Industrial Zones

• Landfills

5. What happens when the dumps or landfills fill up? What if your house was near a dumpsite- how would you feel?

- When dumps or landfills fill up, several things can happen:

• Closure and Capping: The site may be closed, and the area capped with soil and vegetation to prevent environmental
contamination.

• New Sites: New landfills may be established, often requiring careful planning and community input to mitigate potential
issues.

• Waste-to-Energy Facilities: Some locations may convert waste into energy as an alternative to traditional landfilling.

If my house were near a dumpsite, I would likely feel concerned about health risks, unpleasant odour, and potential
decreases in property value. Additionally, there could be worries about environmental impacts and noise from truck traffic. It
6. What are the problems that are associated with the ways in which cities manage their waste?
- Cities often face several problems in waste management, including:
• Overcrowded Landfills

• Environmental Pollution: Poorly managed waste can lead to soil and water contamination, affecting local
ecosystems and public health.

• Odours and Pests: Landfills can produce unpleasant odours and attract pests, creating issues for nearby residents.

• Inefficient Recycling: Low recycling rates due to lack of public awareness.

• Cost: Managing waste can be expensive for cities.

• Public Health Risks: Improper waste disposal can lead to health hazards.

7. Is our current waste management system linear or circular?

– Our current waste management system is primarily linear. This linear model follows a "take-make-dispose" approach,
where raw materials are extracted, products are manufactured, used, and ultimately discarded as waste. In this system,
resources are not reused or recycled efficiently, leading to significant environmental challenges such as overflowing
landfills, pollution, and resource depletion.
8. Why do you think waste is managed in those ways currently?
- Waste is currently managed in a linear fashion for several reasons:
• Historical Practices: Many waste management systems evolved during a time when
consumption was lower.
• Economic Incentives: The linear model often appears more cost-effective in the short term.
• Lack of Awareness: Many consumers and businesses are unaware of the environmental
impacts of their waste.
• Regulatory Frameworks: Existing regulations often prioritize waste disposal rather than
prevention.
• Infrastructure Challenges: Many regions lack the necessary infrastructure for effective
recycling and composting.
• Consumer Culture: A culture of convenience and disposability encourages the production of
single-use items.
• Technological Limitations: Some materials are difficult or economically unfeasible to recycle.
9. How does our current waste management affect our health and the environment?
- Our current waste management practices have significant impacts on both health and the environment:
Health Impacts Environmental Impacts

1. Air Quality 1. Climate Change

2. Water Contamination 2. Biodiversity Loss

3. Soil Pollution 3. Resource Depletion.

4. Pest Infestation 4. Visual and Odour Pollution

5. Workplace Hazards 5. Plastic Pollution

10. Do you think the problems in the case studies occur in other parts of the country as well?
- Yes, the problems highlighted in case studies of waste management often occur in other parts of the country as well.
Several factors contribute to this widespread issue:
1. Infrastructure Limitations 2. Economic Disparities

3. Regulatory Challenges 4. Cultural Attitudes

5. Environmental Justice Issues 6. Climate Change Effects

ACTIVITY 4: SEGREGATING WASTE AND
COMPOSTING

OBJECTIVES:
To understand the benefits of
sustainable waste management
practices by learning about
segregation and the process of
composting.
What is composting?
Composting is a natural process that transforms organic materials like food scraps, yard waste,
and other biodegradable items into a nutrient-rich soil amendment called compost. This
process involves the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in the presence of
oxygen (aerobic conditions) to produce a dark, crumbly substance that can be used to enrich
soil and support plant growth.
BENEFITS OF COMPOSTING

Supports
Enriches Soil
Sustainability
Compost improves soil
Reduces Waste Composting is an eco-
structure, enhances moisture
Composting helps divert Saves Money friendly practice that
retention, and provides
organic waste from landfills, By producing your own promotes recycling
essential nutrients for plants.
reducing the amount of compost, you can and sustainable waste
trash and greenhouse gas reduce the need for management.
emissions. chemical fertilizers and
soil conditioners.
 CREATING COMPOST

CHOOSE A
LOCATION ADD MAINTAIN TURN THE
HARVEST
MATERIALS BALANCE PILE
 1. How does composting reduce waste?
-Composting reduces waste by diverting organic materials like food scraps and yard waste from
landfills, where they would produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Instead, these materials decompose
aerobically to create compost, which enriches soil and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. This process
also decreases landfill volume, extending their lifespan and supporting local ecosystems by providing a
valuable soil amendment that can be used locally.
2. What are the other benefits of Composting?
-Composting offers several benefits beyond waste reduction.
It reduces greenhouse gases by diverting organic waste from landfills, improves soil health by enhancing its
structure and nutrient content, and supports biodiversity by fostering beneficial microorganisms.
Economically, it saves money on fertilizers and creates jobs in waste management.
Socially, it engages communities and provides educational opportunities about sustainability and
environmental stewardship.
3. What gets composted in nature?
-In nature, composting happens when organic materials like leaves, grass clippings, food scraps,
animal manure, dead plants, and wood decompose. This process returns nutrients to the soil, enriching it
and supporting plant growth. It’s a natural recycling system that maintains soil health and promotes
biodiversity.
4. What can you do if there is more compost than what your school can use?
-If our school would have more compost than it can use, here are some practical options that we would use:
Share with the Community: Offer the excess compost to local community gardens, parks, or neighbors. This helps
support local green spaces and fosters community engagement.
Use as Mulch: Spread the compost around trees, shrubs, and flower beds as mulch. This helps retain moisture,
suppress weeds, and improve soil health.
Store for Later Use: Properly store the compost for future use. Keep it in a compost bin, covered with a tarp, or in
breathable bags to maintain its quality.
Create New Garden Beds: Use the extra compost to start new garden beds or improve existing ones. This can enhance
the school’s green spaces and provide more areas for planting.
Compost Tea: Make compost tea, a nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer, which can be used to feed plants throughout the year.
Donate to Farmers: Local farmers might appreciate the extra compost for their fields and crops. This can help build
relationships with the agricultural community.
Educational Projects: Use the compost for educational projects, teaching students about soil health, plant growth, and
sustainable practices.

5. Where can you get the earthworms from for the composting? Where can you learn more about composting from?
-You can get earthworms for composting from vermi-suppliers, bait shops, garden centers, local farms, and
community gardens. To learn more about composting, check resources like the EPA website, Compost Magazine, The
Spruce, and local workshops. These sources provide comprehensive information and practical tips on composting.
ACTIVITY 5-THE ‘R’S OF
WASTE FOR A ZERO-
WASTE SCHOOL

OBJECTIVES
 To understand the principles of a Zero Waste School.
 To explore the practices required to implement Zero
Waste concepts in schools.
 To learn about the Pyramid of Waste Management and
the various ‘R’s of waste management.
 To practice waste segregation and apply sustainable
waste management principles.
 INTRODUCTION
Waste management is a critical aspect of
sustainability and environmental conservation. With
the growing impact of waste on ecosystems, the
concept of a Zero Waste School is becoming more
important. A Zero Waste School focuses on
minimizing waste generation and ensuring that
waste is managed in an environmentally friendly
manner. This approach not only reduces the
amount of waste sent to landfills but also promotes
responsible consumption, recycling, and waste
reduction practices.
THE 'R's OF WASTEMANAGEMENT
 Applying the 'R's to a School Notebook:
• Reduce: Only buy a new notebook when your old one is completely used, and consider using
digital notes to minimize paper consumption.

• Reuse : Use leftover pages from partially filled notebooks or turn unused sheets into scratch
paper

• Repair: If the cover or binding is torn, fix it with tape or staples to prolong the notebook's
lifespan.

• Recycle: Once all pages are used, recycle the notebook’s paper in a proper recycling bin.
 Refuse: Avoid buying notebooks with plastic covers or excessive
packaging. Opt for eco-friendly or recycled paper.
 Repurpose: Use old notebook covers to make bookmarks or dividers
for new notebooks.
 Rot: If your notebook is made from biodegradable materials,
compost the paper once it’s no longer usable.
 REFLECTION
1. In oorder to become a Zero Waste School, is segregating waste into different bins
enough? Why or why not?

No, segregating waste into different bins is not enough. While waste segregation is important, it
doesn’t address the root causes of waste generation. To truly achieve Zero Waste, we must focus
on reducing waste at its source, reusing products, repairing broken items, and responsibly
recycling materials. The aim should be to minimize waste generation from the beginning, not just
manage it at the end.

2. Why do we need to follow all the 'R's of waste?

Each 'R' plays a unique and vital role in managing waste sustainably. Following all the 'R's helps in
reducing resource consumption, prolonging the lifespan of products, and ensuring that fewer
materials end up in landfills. By practicing reduction, reuse, recycling, and other 'R's, we can
significantly decrease our environmental impact and move towards a circular economy.

3. when you recycle something, do you re-use all of it ?

No, when you recycle something, not all of it is fully reused. During the recycling process,
materials often degrade in quality and some portions might be lost or unusable. For example,
plastic can only be recycled a limited number of times before its quality deteriorates. Additionally,
. 1. Are “ecofriendly” or “green” products always better for the environment? Explain.
Eco-friendly or "green" products are generally better for the environment, but they are not always
the perfect solution. While these products are designed to minimize harm, their overall
environmental impact depends on factors like production, transportation, and disposal. For
instance, even green products require resources like water, energy, and raw materials to
manufacture, which can still contribute to pollution or carbon emissions. Additionally, some
products labeled as eco-friendly may not be recyclable or compostable everywhere. The best
approach is to prioritize reducing consumption and reusing items before relying on green products.
2. Watch the film and think of how an office worked to become Zero Waste. How many 'R's
were followed, and how many can you practice in your daily life?
The office likely followed several 'R's, such as reducing waste by minimizing unnecessary materials,
reusing supplies, recycling paper and other materials, and repairing broken equipment. In daily life, I can
practice many of these actions by using reusable products, recycling waste, reducing my consumption of
single-use items, and repairing broken items rather than throwing them away.

3. Reflect on how your school can become a Zero Waste School.

To become a Zero Waste School, we can start by reducing the use of single-use plastics and promoting
reusable items like water bottles and lunch containers. Waste segregation bins should be placed
throughout the school to separate recyclables, compostables, and landfill waste. Reuse initiatives, such as
swapping school supplies and uniforms, can further minimize waste. Additionally, organizing awareness
campaigns and workshops can help educate students and staff about sustainable practices and the
 PART A : ELECTIVES
ACTIVITY 1 - THEN AND NOW
Interviewer: Can you tell me about your experience with Diwali?

Respondent: Diwali is one of my favourite festivals! We decorate the house, light diyas, and have a huge family gathering
with lots of sweets.

Interviewer: Is Diwali celebrated the same way it was when your parents were children? What differences do you notice?

Respondent: It’s quite different! My parents mention how they celebrated with simpler decorations and fewer fireworks.
Now, it feels much more extravagant.

Interviewer: What do you think has changed in terms of how people prepare for the festival?

Respondent: People now buy a lot more ready-made decorations and sweets. There’s also a lot of emphasis on shopping for
new clothes and gifts, which can feel overwhelming.

Interviewer: How does the celebration contribute to waste generation in our community?

Respondent: There’s a lot of waste from firecrackers and packaging from sweets and gifts. It can get pretty messy in our
neighbourhood after the celebrations.
Interviewer: How does the celebration contribute to waste generation in our community?

Respondent: There’s a lot of waste from firecrackers and packaging from sweets and gifts. It can get pretty messy in our
neighbourhood after the celebrations.

Interviewer: Can you describe how waste produced during Diwali is managed?

Respondent: There are usually drives for waste collection, but it can get chaotic. Some people do recycle, but many just
throw things away.

Interviewer: Do you practice any of the R's (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) during Diwali? If so, how?

Respondent: I try to use eco-friendly decorations and make sweets at home instead of buying packaged ones. I also
encourage my friends to join in.

Interviewer: How do you think these practices affect the environment?

Respondent: They definitely help reduce waste and pollution. It feels good to contribute positively, even if it’s just a little.

Interviewer: What would you like to see change in the future regarding Diwali celebrations?

Respondent: I’d love to see a movement towards more eco-friendly celebrations, like using fewer fireworks and more
sustainable decorations.
 Interview with a Person of Grandparents' Age

Interviewer: Can you share your memories of Diwali from when you were younger?

Respondent: Diwali was such a warm and personal celebration! We would make sweets at home and visit neighbours with
homemade gifts.

Interviewer: How was Diwali celebrated back then compared to now?

Respondent: It was much simpler. We didn’t have all the flashy lights or firecrackers. It was more about family and
community togetherness.

Interviewer: In your opinion, what significant changes have occurred in the way people celebrate?

Respondent: Now, it feels more commercial. There’s so much emphasis on buying things rather than creating them. The
spirit of the festival seems lost sometimes.

Interviewer: How did celebrations back then contribute to waste, and how does it compare to today?

Respondent: We had very little waste! Most of our decorations were natural, like flowers and leaves. Now, it’s mostly plastic
and non-biodegradable materials.

Interviewer: What methods were used to manage waste during the festival in your time?
Respondent: Now, it feels more commercial. There’s so much emphasis on buying things rather than creating them. The
spirit of the festival seems lost sometimes.

Interviewer: How did celebrations back then contribute to waste, and how does it compare to today?

Respondent: We had very little waste! Most of our decorations were natural, like flowers and leaves. Now, it’s mostly plastic
and non-biodegradable materials.

Interviewer: What methods were used to manage waste during the festival in your time?

Respondent: We would reuse decorations each year and share food with neighbours. Anything leftover was either eaten or
composted.

Interviewer: Did people practice any of the R's during Diwali when you were a child? How?

Respondent: Yes, we were very resourceful! We reused old decorations and made everything from scratch. It was all about
sustainability.

Interviewer: How do you think these practices impacted the environment at that time?

Respondent: It was much better for the environment. We didn’t have the pollution and waste issues we see today.

Interviewer: What do you think could improve the celebration of Diwali in the future?

Respondent: I think people should go back to simpler celebrations, focusing on family and community rather than
consumerism. More eco-friendly practices would help a lot.
Have things changed for better or
worse ?
 Overall, the comparison reveals that aspects of Diwali celebrations have
changed for the worse in terms of environmental impact and community
engagement. The shift towards commercialisation has led to increased waste
and a loss of the festival's original spirit.
 However, there is a silver lining: the current generation is more aware of
sustainability issues and actively seeks to address them, suggesting a potential
for positive change if traditional values can be re-emphasised. While the
nostalgic simplicity of the past is cherished, there is hope that modern
awareness can inspire a return to those roots in a contemporary context.
 REFLECTION
1. Are there any materials we use more now than we did before?

Ans- Yes, there are several materials that we use much more now than in the past. Some key examples include:

• Plastics: Widely used in packaging, containers, and countless consumer products due to their
versatility and low cost.

• Composites: Materials like carbon fibre and fibreglass are increasingly used in aerospace,
automotive, and sporting goods for their strength-to-weight ratio.

• Silicon: Essential for electronics, especially in semiconductors and solar panels, silicon has become
a cornerstone of modern technology.

• Advanced metals: Alloys and high-performance metals are now used in various industries,
including aerospace and healthcare.

• Biomaterials: With advances in medicine, materials like biopolymers are increasingly used in
implants and drug delivery systems.

• Recycled materials: Growing awareness of sustainability has led to a rise in the use of recycled
plastics and metals in various applications.
2. Give an example of a positive change and a negative one.

Ans-Positive Change- Increased Inclusivity: Many festivals today are more inclusive, welcoming diverse cultures and
communities. This has led to a richer variety of traditions and practices being shared, allowing people to learn from
one another and celebrate multiculturalism.

Negative Change: Commercialisation: Many festivals have become highly commercialised, focusing more on profit
than on cultural significance. This can detract from the authentic experiences and traditions that originally defined
the celebrations, leading to a sense of loss for those who value the historical aspects of the festivals.

3. What gets people to make that positive change?

• Community Engagement: Local communities often play a vital role in advocating for change, pushing for
festivals that reflect their values and promote participation from various groups.
• Social Media and Technology: Platforms allow for the sharing of diverse experiences and ideas, inspiring festival
organisers to adopt more inclusive practices and showcase a wider array of traditions.
• Economic Factors: Recognising that diverse offerings can attract a broader audience can motivate organisers to
create more inclusive festivals that appeal to different demographics.
• Sustainability Movements: Growing awareness of environmental issues has led many to seek sustainable
practices in festival planning, promoting positive change through eco-friendly initiatives.
3. What gets people to make that positive change?
• Community Engagement: Local communities often play a vital role in advocating for change, pushing for
festivals that reflect their values and promote participation from various groups.
• Social Media and Technology: Platforms allow for the sharing of diverse experiences and ideas, inspiring festival
organisers to adopt more inclusive practices and showcase a wider array of traditions.
• Economic Factors: Recognising that diverse offerings can attract a broader audience can motivate organisers to
create more inclusive festivals that appeal to different demographics.
• Sustainability Movements: Growing awareness of environmental issues has led many to seek sustainable
practices in festival planning, promoting positive change through eco-friendly initiatives.
• Generational Shifts: Younger generations often prioritise inclusivity and social justice, influencing how festivals
are organised and celebrated to reflect these values.
• These factors collectively contribute to the evolution of festivals, making them more representative of the
communities they serve.
• Recycled materials: Growing awareness of sustainability has led to a rise in the use of recycled plastics and
metals in various applications.
DIWALI
THEN
VS
NOW
 ACTIVITY 2: THE PACKAGING PROBLEM
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this project is to design packaging that minimizes waste production
and promotes environmental sustainability by utilizing biodegradable and
compostable materials. By incorporating innovative design principles and
reusability, the aim is to create packaging solutions that not only protect the
product effectively but also encourage responsible consumer behavior. This project
seeks to raise awareness about the environmental impact of packaging waste and
to provide practical alternatives that contribute to a circular economy, ultimately
reducing the ecological footprint of consumer products.
 Repackaging Proposal –
Reusable Beeswax Food Wrap
1. Current Packaging Analysis

Environmental Impact: Beeswax food wraps typically come in plastic packaging, which creates unnecessary waste. Traditional food
storage methods, like plastic wrap, contribute to single-use plastic pollution.

Product Protection: Beeswax wraps protect food by keeping it fresh and preventing contamination, while being breathable to reduce
moisture buildup. They are a great alternative to plastic wraps.

Aesthetics: Beeswax wraps often feature colorful patterns and designs, making them visually appealing and more attractive than plain
plastic wraps.

Ease of Use: Beeswax wraps are easy to use; simply mold them around food or containers using the warmth of your hands.

Cost of Packaging: The packaging cost for beeswax wraps can be minimal, especially if sold in bulk or without plastic.

Over packaging:

They are often over packaged, with plastic wrapping around the product, which is unnecessary since the wraps can be displayed
without it.

Layers of Packaging: Current packaging may include a layer of plastic wrap and a cardboard box, contributing to waste.
2. Alternative Materials: Using recyclable paper or compostable materials for packaging would be ideal, eliminating plastic
entirely.

3. Eco-Friendly Packaging Design

Concept: Minimal Packaging for Reusable Beeswax Food Wrap

Material: We have used recyclable paper for the outer packaging, with a simple cardboard insert to hold the wraps in place.

Design: We have created a visually appealing, minimalist design that highlights the eco-friendly aspect of the wraps.

Conclusion
This redesign emphasizes sustainability by eliminating plastic
from both the product and its packaging. By using recyclable
and compostable materials, we can create a no-waste
product that promotes reusable solutions for food storage,
making it an ideal choice for environmentally conscious
consumers.
Common Questions
1. How does the current packaging of the product impact the environment?

-The current packaging often includes a paper wrap or boxes, which does not contribute to any waste and pollution

2. Does it protect the product – from breaking, getting spoilt or protecting it from contamination?

-Yes, beeswax wraps effectively protect food by keeping it fresh and preventing contamination. They are breathable, which
helps reduce moisture buildup, thus extending the freshness of the food.

3. Does it look nice?

-Yes, beeswax wraps are available in various colorful patterns and designs, making them visually appealing and a decorative
addition to food storage.

4. Is it easy to open? Or to carry?

-Beeswax wraps are easy to use—simply mold them around food or containers with your hands. They are lightweight and
portable, making them convenient to carry.

5. Is it cheaper to package items this way?

-Using biodegradable and compostable materials may have a slightly higher initial cost than plastic, but the overall cost can
be offset by reduced waste management expenses and consumer preference for sustainable products.
6. Is it over packaged?

-Yes, traditional packaging can be considered over packaged if it includes unnecessary plastic wrapping and excessive
materials that do not enhance the product.

7. How many layers of packaging are there?

-Typically, there are two layers: the outer paper wrapping and a cardboard box for support.

8. What is each made of?

-Outer Layer: Paper wraps which are recyclable.

Inner Layer: Cardboard, which is recyclable.

9. What alternative materials could you use that are safer for the environment?

- This thing is completely safe for our environment and it would not harm the environment or cause any type of pollution or
waste.
 REFLECTION
1. Think of a natural way of packing something like a banana skin. Why do you think it evolved to be packed this way?

-The banana skin evolved as a natural packaging material to protect the fruit from physical damage and pests while retaining
moisture and preserving nutrients. Its protective barrier helps maintain the fruit's integrity during growth and transport. As
bananas ripen, the skin signals readiness for consumption, aiding in seed dispersal. Additionally, banana skins are
biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly and allowing them to return nutrients to the soil when discarded. This
efficient design highlights nature's ability to create functional and sustainable solutions.

2. Can similar methods be employed in man-made packaging?

-Yes, similar sustainable methods can be applied to man-made packaging. For example, using biodegradable materials,
reducing excess packaging, and designing for reuse or recycling can all be implemented. Innovations like edible packaging
and compostable materials can also be employed to reduce waste.

3. Can you think of any product for which the packaging problem can be solved in some innovative way?

-One innovative solution could be for takeout containers. Restaurants could offer a deposit system where customers pay a
small fee for reusable containers. After use, customers can return the containers for a refund or exchange them for clean
ones. This would reduce single-use plastic waste significantly.
4. What are some of the types of packaging that cannot be recycled easily?

-Tetra Packs: The layers of paper, plastic, and metal make them difficult to recycle.

Multi-layer plastics: Often used in snack bags or pouches, they are not recyclable due to the combination of materials.

Plastic-coated paper: Common in fast food packaging, these cannot be recycled effectively.

5. Which providers or companies need alternatives to packaging since they are packaging a lot?

-Online retailers: Companies like Amazon often use excessive packaging for shipping.

Food delivery services: They rely heavily on single-use containers and wrappers.

Consumer goods manufacturers: Companies producing snacks, beverages, and personal care products often use
unnecessary packaging.

6. How can they ideate on creating less packaging?

-Conducting workshops: Involving employees and stakeholders in brainstorming sessions to come up with creative solutions.
Utilizing consumer feedback: Understanding customer preferences for packaging can lead to more sustainable options.
Researching best practices: Studying successful companies that have reduced packaging can provide actionable insights.
Implementing a packaging audit: Evaluating current packaging materials and processes to identify areas for reduction or
improvement.
7. Apart from plastics, what other materials are used for packaging (such as Thermocol, which is also known as Styrofoam or
Polystyrene)? Are they harmful to the environment? If yes, how?

- Apart from plastics, materials like Thermocol (Styrofoam), glass, metal, paper, and bio plastics are commonly used for
packaging. Styrofoam is particularly harmful as it is non-biodegradable, contributing to long-lasting waste and micro plastic
pollution. Glass, while recyclable, has an energy-intensive production process, and improper disposal can harm wildlife.
Metals are recyclable but have significant environmental impacts during mining. Paper and cardboard can be sustainable but
may lead to deforestation if not sourced responsibly. Bio plastics offer some advantages but still pose challenges in
production and disposal. Overall, careful management and sustainable practices are essential to mitigate the environmental
impacts of these materials.
 PART B: ESSAY
-Switching to Sustainable Waste Management in a Local Housing Society
Waste is anything that we throw away after it has been used. It includes organic waste, such as food scraps, and non-organic
waste, like plastic, paper, or glass. If not handled properly, waste can cause pollution, harm the environment, and even affect
our health. Managing waste is necessary to keep our surroundings clean and safe.

This essay focuses on the waste management practices of a local housing society in my area and how we can improve them.
In my area, the Municipal Council is responsible for collecting waste, but within the housing society itself, there are many
problems. Many residents do not separate waste correctly, and there is too much reliance on single-use plastics. As a result,
the environment suffers, and it’s harder for the Municipal Council to handle the waste effectively.

Present Waste Management Practices and the Need for Change

Currently, households in the society are expected to separate their waste into two categories: wet waste (such as food
scraps) and dry waste (like paper and plastic). Wet waste is collected daily and sent for composting, while dry waste is
collected weekly for recycling.

Unfortunately, this system isn’t followed properly. People often mix up wet and dry waste, making composting difficult and
reducing the number of recyclable materials. The Municipal Council collects the waste, but much of it ends up in landfills
due to improper sorting. These landfills are already full and contribute to air, water, and soil pollution.

The key problems with the current system include:

1. Overflowing Landfills: Mixed waste makes it harder to process and adds to the growing landfills.

2. Health Risks: Improper disposal of harmful waste, such as e-waste and chemicals, endangers public health.

3. Pollution: Plastic waste and other non-biodegradable materials take years to decompose and pollute the environment.

4. High Costs: It’s more expensive for the Municipal Council to process waste that hasn’t been sorted properly.

Most of these issues come from a lack of awareness among residents. There is also no strict enforcement of waste
The Need for Change

To address these issues, we need to change the way waste is handled in the housing society. By switching to
sustainable waste management practices, we can reduce pollution, cut costs, and make our community
cleaner. Here’s a detailed plan on how to achieve this.

Action Plan for Sustainable Waste Management

1. Improve Waste Separation at Home

The first step is to ensure that residents separate their waste properly. This will make it easier to compost wet waste and recycle dry waste.

- Educate Residents: Hold workshops and meetings to explain the importance of separating waste and how it should be done.

- Incentives: Offer rewards, like discounts on maintenance fees, to motivate residents to separate waste correctly.
- Monitoring: Appoint volunteers to check that households are following the rules of waste separation.

2. Promote Composting

Composting organic waste, like food scraps, turns it into useful material for gardens or farms.

- On-site Composting: Set up composting units in the society where residents can drop off their wet waste.

- Home Composting: Teach residents how to compost at home using simple, affordable methods.

3. Reduce Plastic Use

Plastic is one of the biggest problems in waste management because it doesn’t decompose easily.

- Ban Single-Use Plastics: The society can ban plastic bags, cups, and other single-use plastics.

- Promote Reusable Items: Encourage residents to use reusable bags, bottles, and containers. Local shops can help by
- Plastic-Free Events: Ensure that all society events are plastic-free by using eco-friendly materials.

4. Improve Recycling

Recycling can help reduce the amount of waste that goes to landfills.

- Collection Centres: Set up designated spots in the society where residents can drop off recyclables.

- Partnerships with Vendors: Work with recycling companies to ensure the collected materials are processed properly.

- Education: Run campaigns to teach residents the benefits of recycling and how to do it correctly.

5. Handle Hazardous and E-Waste

Hazardous waste, like batteries and electronics, needs to be handled carefully.

- E-Waste Drives: Organize regular drives to collect e-waste and work with certified companies to recycle it.

- Safe Disposal: Provide clear instructions on how to dispose of hazardous waste, and set up collection points
for items like old paint, batteries, and chemicals.

6. Engage the Community

Getting everyone in the community involved is key to making sustainable waste management successful.

- Clean-Up Drives: Organize regular clean-up drives to encourage residents to take pride in their surroundings.

- Children’s Eco-Clubs: Create eco-clubs for children to teach them about waste management and sustainability.

- Feedback System: Set up a system where residents can share ideas and concerns about waste management, and discuss improvements at
monthly meetings.

Creating a Campaign for Waste Management

To spread the message of sustainable waste management, it’s important to run a well-organized campaign in the housing
society. The aim of this campaign is to inform residents about the new waste management practices and encourage them to
actively participate.

1. Use Multiple Platforms for Communication

- Posters and Flyers: Design eye-catching posters and distribute flyers around the society to remind residents about the
importance of separating waste and reducing plastic use.

- Social media: Use WhatsApp groups and social media platforms like Facebook to share updates, tips, and reminders about
waste management practices.

- Notice Boards: Place notices in high-traffic areas within the society, like the entrance gate and elevator areas, to remind
residents about composting, recycling, and avoiding plastic.

2. Organize Events and Workshops

- Educational Workshops: Host workshops where experts can teach residents about the importance of waste management,
composting, and reducing plastic use.

- Community Events: Organize clean-up drives, tree planting days, and plastic-free events to bring residents together and
promote a sense of responsibility towards the environment.

3. Work with Government Initiatives

Collaborating with government programs like the *Swachh Bharat Abhiyan* can help strengthen the housing society’s
efforts.

- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Partner with local government officials to align the society’s waste management efforts with
national initiatives. The government can provide resources, guidelines, and support.

- Government Incentives: Take advantage of government incentives for waste segregation and recycling programs. These
can include financial support or technical assistance.

Sample Posters for the Campaign

1. Poster 1: "Say No to Plastic!"

1. Poster 1: "Say No to Plastic!"

- A simple and colourful poster encouraging residents to avoid single-use plastics, with images of reusable items like cloth
bags, metal bottles, and eco-friendly straws.

- The tagline could be: "Choose Reusable, Save the Planet!"

2. Poster 2: "Separate Your Waste!"

- This poster would show two bins, one for wet waste and one for dry waste, with clear examples of what goes in each bin
(e.g., fruit peels in the wet waste, plastic bottles in the dry waste).

- The tagline could be: "Small Efforts, Big Impact—Help Keep Our Society Clean!"

Conclusion
Switching to sustainable waste management in our housing society is crucial for protecting the environment and
improving our quality of life. By ensuring that everyone separates waste correctly, promotes composting, reduces plastic
use, and recycles, we can make a huge difference.

Creating a campaign that educates and engages the community is key to making these changes work. By spreading the
message through posters, workshops, and social media, and working closely with government initiatives like Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan, we can ensure that the entire community participates in this mission.

Together, we can create a cleaner, greener future for our housing society and set an example for others to follow.
Sustainable waste management isn’t just a responsibility—it’s an opportunity to make our world a better place.