Lesson 6.

Methods for
Collecting Data

Capstone Project
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Data collection will not be accomplished without the
appropriate tools.

2
Data collection
tool is an
important
weapon for
researchers in
gathering data.

3
Without proper
tools, the
researcher may
fail to get good
data.

4
What are the usual steps
involved in data collection?

5
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:

Select appropriate methods of data

collection(STEM_RP12-IIa-e-7).

6
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:

● Describe the common data collection tools

being used in STEM research.

● Identify the most suitable data collection tool

to be used in STEM research.

7
 Data Collection Tools

● Data collection
tools are the
devices or
instruments being
used by the
researchers to collect
data.
Similar to other tasks, data
collection also involves the use of
proper tools. 8
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

● Probability sampling is a process of random

selection to derive a probability statement based
on the gathered from the targeted demographics.
○ It tries to remove sampling bias during the
data collection process.

9
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

In probability sampling, respondents are randomly selected

from a population. For example, the respondents marked as
red in the figure above are randomly selected to participate in
data collection.
10
Types of Data Collection Tools

Simple Systematic
random random
sampling sampling
Types of
probability
sampling
Stratified Cluster
random random
sampling sampling 11
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Simple Random Sampling

● The researcher sets criteria for choosing the
sample from the population.

● Only those targeted demographics are included in

the sample.

12
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Systematic Random
Sampling
● It is the same with simple
random sampling but only
the first individual for
inclusion in the sample is A visual representation of
systematic random
chosen in random form
sampling
while others will be 13
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Stratified Random
Sampling
● This allows the selection
of each individual from a
particular group of the
targeted sample. A visual representation of
stratified random sampling14
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Cluster Random Sampling

● The researcher chooses
random clusters of the
sample from the
population.
A visual representation of
● Members of each cluster cluster random sampling
15
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Interviews
● Conducting an
interview with the
target population is a
standard tool for data
collection.
Interviews can also yield
data. 16
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Telephone interview

Three major
types of Personal interview
interviews
Computer-aided
interview

17
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Surveys or Questionnaires
● Surveys or questionnaires are
constructed to gather
information from the behavior
and trust of the sampled
individuals.
Sample
medical
18
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Closed-ended questions Open-ended questions

Examples of closed-ended Question wording
questions for different Question wording can influence
variables. your respondents’ answers,
1. Nominal variables- especially if the language is
include categories that can’t unclear, ambiguous, or biased.
be ranked, such as race or Good questions need to be
ethnicity. understood by all respondents in
2. Ordinal variables- include the same way (reliable) and
categories that can be measure exactly what you’re
ranked. interested in (valid).
3. Likert scale- questions • Use clear language 19
 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Structured Observations
● Structured observations require the researcher to
make careful and systematic observations of
events in a highly structured setting rather than
naturalistic observation.
○ It mainly focuses on very specific behaviors of
interest.
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 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Document Reviews
● Document review involves the process of gathering
data from existing documents.
● Most of the time, this type of data collection tool
requires descriptive statistics in summarizing the
collated data and allows the researchers to derive a
highly synthesized conclusion.
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 Types of Data Collection Tools
Surveys or Structured
Probability Document
Interviews Questionnaire Observatio
Sampling s Reviews
ns

Most used Public Records

document
types for
collecting Personal Documents
quantitative
research
data Physical Evidence

22
How do you think
researchers choose a
specific tool for their
research?

23
Remember

Knowing the advantages and

disadvantages of using each
data collection tool is essential for
researchers to pick appropriate tools
for the kind of data that they need.

24
 Check Your
Understanding
Complete the table by providing the advantages
and disadvantages of using different data
collection tools.
Data Collection Tool Advantage Disadvantages
Probability sampling
Interviews
Structured
observation
Surveys
Document review

25
 Let’s Sum It Up!

● Data collection tools are the devices or

instruments being used by the researchers to
collect data. This may include traditional or
technology-based tools for gathering
research data.

26
 Let’s Sum It Up!

● The following are the common data collection

tools being used in STEM research:
○ Probability sampling refers to the
process of random selection that allows
researchers to derive a probability
statement based on the gathered data
from the targeted demographic.
27
 Let’s Sum It Up!
● The following are the common data collection
tools being used in STEM research:
○ Interviews collect quantitative data
through highly structured questions that
will help them quantify the data to be
collected.
○ Surveys or questionnaires are
constructed to gather information from
the behavior and trust of the sampled
28
 Let’s Sum It Up!

● The following are the common data collection

tools being used in STEM research:
○ Structured observations require the
researcher to make careful and
systematic observations of specific
behaviors or events in a highly
structured setting rather than
naturalistic observation.
29
 Let’s Sum It Up!

● The following are the common data collection

tools being used in STEM research:
○ Document review involves the process
of gathering data from existing
documents. It is an effective form of
data collection if the documents are
widely available for the researcher.
30
Let’s Sum It Up!

Methods of collecting data

31
Challenge Yourself

What do you think must be

considered by the researchers in
choosing a data collection tool?

32
Photo Credits

● Slide 13: Systematic sampling by Dan Kernler is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 14: Stratified sampling by Dan Kernler is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 15: Cluster sampling by Dan Kernler is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 18: Health questionnaire by Ambrosia Voyeur is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

33
Education.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Bibliography
Kaldewey, D. and Schauz, D. 2018. Basic and Applied Research: The Language of Science
Policy in
the Twentieth Century. Bonn: Berghahn Books, University of Bonn.

Knatterud.,G.L., Rockhold, F.W., George, S.L., Barton, F.B., Davis, C.E., Fairweather, W.R.,
Honohan, T.,
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Kothari, C.R. 1984. Quantitative Techniques, 2nd ed. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd.

Most, .M.M., Craddick, S., Crawford, S., Redican, S., Rhodes, D., Rukenbrod, F., Laws, R.
(2003).
Dietary quality assurance processes of the DASH-Sodium controlled diet study. Journal
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