CHAPTER 1 AND 2

GUIDE
 In research title we have
independent and dependent
variables.
•The independent variable is the
cause or the factor you manipulate.

•The dependent variable is the

effect or the outcome you measure.
"The Effect of Study Habits on Academic
Performance of High School Students.“

•Independent Variable (IV): Study Habits

(This is what is being changed or controlled)
•Dependent Variable (DV): Academic
Performance (This is what is being
measured or affected by the IV)
 CHAPTER I:
The Problem and Its Background
A. The Introduction
The statement in the introduction introduces the
study and signifies its importance to create an
interest and intense desire on the reader to know
more about the investigation. This is the preliminary
part of the problem, leading to its main part and
objectives. It may include legal or other bases
related to or for conducting the study.
 Suggested Guidelines in Writing the
*Introduction
1. The first paragraph is intended to provide the readers
a mental readiness, thus giving them the information as
to what the problem of the research is all about. It
introduces the study and its justification.
2. The second paragraph carries the greater part of this
introduction and the problem that is used as frame of
reference. It tells the readers the scope, circumstances
and the coverage of the study.
Suggested Guidelines in Writing the
*Introduction
3. The third paragraph revolves around the various
conditions that accompany and determine the purpose
of the study.
4. The last paragraph is a sort of closing portion that
arouses the curiosity and interest of the readers to
know the results of the study.
*The introduction may be composed of three or four
paragraphs.
B. Statement of the Problem
This is the focus of the study and all
questions should be categorically
stated, and answered.
Suggested Tips in Writing the
Statement of the Problem
1. The problem should be stated both in general
and in specific terms. The general statement of the
problem is a reiteration of the title of the study.
2. The problem is stated in an interrogatory
form. It must ask a question and sub-problems
must follow the main problem which are the key
issues for investigations in the research
Suggested Tips in Writing the
Statement of the Problem
3. The problem should be stated in the infinitive
to (action words in research). Ex. Examine,
analyze, determine, assess, evaluate, find out
etc.
4. Specific questions should be stated using the
following guide question words: How, Will,
What, Is there?
Example:
The study was conducted to all aspects of
Teaching of English in the High Schools of
the Province of Bataan during the School
Year 2005-2006 as Perceived by English
Teachers.
Specifically, the study attempted to answer the following
questions:
1. How do the respondent’s profile be described in terms
of:
1.1 educational qualifications;
1.2 area of specialization;
1.3 status of employment
2. How effective ….?
3. What problems …?
4. What suggestions are offered by…?
 Theoretical Framework
A theoretical framework provides a structure for
research by linking the study to existing theories,
concepts, or models. It serves as a lens through
which the research problem is examined, offering
a foundation for understanding and analyzing
data. Theoretical frameworks are crucial in
ensuring the study is grounded in established
knowledge and contributes meaningfully to the
field.
Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework shows the relationship
between the variables of your study. It includes
a visual diagram or a model that summarizes
the concepts of your study and a narrative
explanation of the model presented.
Level of Satisfaction of College Students Using
Google Classroom as an Online Learning Platform
Significance of the Study
This part shows that the investigator expresses the
value of the problem to be undertaken. It is where the
significant contributions may be viewed from the point of
the target beneficiaries like the researcher himself,
service provider, administrators, parents, teachers,
students, planners, decisionmakers, legislators,
politicians, implementers, practitioners, the family, the
government, the community and the educational and
political institutions.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The scope details how in-depth your study is to explore
the research question and the parameters in which it will
operate in relation to the population and timeframe.
The delimitations of a study are the factors and
variables not to be included in the investigation. In
other words, they are the boundaries the researcher sets
in terms of study duration, population size and type of
participants, etc.
 Definition of Terms
This part contains the definition of the terms as used in the
study. The key terms should be substantially and clearly
defined according to how they are utilized in the study in
order to facilitate understanding of the problem. The
definitions of terms/variables maybe either lexical/conceptual
or operational or both. The terms defined should be arranged
in alphabetical order. Acronyms should be spelled out
fully, especially if they are not commonly known or if used
for the first time.
 Definition of Terms
Operational definition expresses the
meaning of the terms/variables as used in a
particular field of study.
Lexical or conceptual definition is usually
take from the dictionary and carries a universal
meaning easily understood by the readers.
 CHAPTER II: Review of Related
Literature and Studies
In review of literature, the researcher can find
out how other researchers have formulated
fruitful lines inquiry within a particular field of
interest. The review of related literature and
studies should be presented in topical form,
irrespective of whether it is local or foreign, and
not necessarily in chronological order.
 The Difference between Related
Literature and Related Studies
Related literature refers to existing works,
such as books, articles, and other written
materials, that are relevant to the topic being
studied. These works provide background
information, theories, and concepts that help
contextualize the research.
 The Difference between Related
Literature and Related Studies
Related studies are research projects or
investigations that have been conducted by
other researchers on similar topics. These
studies provide empirical evidence, data,
and findings that can be used to support or
refute the hypotheses of the current study.