OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

SERVICES ,HAZARDS,ROLE
OF OHN

MR.VAIBHAVKUAMAR D POWAR
OUTLINE

1. Define Occupational health

2. Aim of Occupational health
3. Objectives of Occupational health
4. Occupational health Hazards
5. Enlist the Occupational diseases
6. Health problems due to industrialization.
7. Measures for health protection of the workers
8. Preventive measures for the occupational
diseases
9. Occupational health in India.
10. Role of nurse.
Introduction
 Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinary
area concerned with safety, health and welfare of
people engaged in work or employment.
 The goal of all occupational health and safety
programs is to foster a safe work environment.
 As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers,
family members, employers, customers, suppliers,
nearby communities, and other members of the public
who are impacted by the workplace environment.
 It may involve interactions among many subject
areas, including occupational medicine, occupational
(or industrial) hygiene, public health, safety
engineering, chemistry, health physics protecting the.
 Occupational health
Refers to the potential risks to health and
safety for those who work outside the home

Hazard
something that can cause harm if not
controlled.

Occupational disease
Disease directly caused by a person’s
occupation.
Definition

“Occupational health should aim at the promotion

and maintenance of the highest degree of
physical, mental and social well-being of workers
in all occupations; the prevention among workers
of departures from health caused by their working
conditions; the protection of workers in their
employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of
the worker in an occupational environment
adapted to his physiological and psychological
equipment, and, to summarize, the adaptation of
work to man and each man to his job.”
“occupational health is the promotion &
maintenance of the highest degree of physical,
mental & social wellbeing of the workers in all
occupations”.
Aim of Occupational health

 Theprevention of disease and

maintenance of the highest degree of
physical, mental and social well-being of
workers in all occupations; at the levels of
application of preventive measures are
the same- health promotion, specific
protection, early diagnosis and treatment,
disability limitation; the tools are the
same-epidemiologic approach, statistics,
health screening, health education etc
Objectives of the occupational
health program-

I. To promote general health & welfare of

workers by providing a good & safe
drinking environment
II. To prevent sickness in the worker
III. To assist in preventing injuries
IV. To provide care during emergencies
V. To assist & help the injured & disabled to
get rehabilitated to full working capacity
VI. To educate workers to promote &
maintain their health
 FUNCTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICE -
1. Pre-employment medical examination.
2. First Aid and emergency service.
3. Supervision of the work environment for
control of dangerous substances in the work
environment.
4. Special periodic medical examination
particularly for the workers in dangerous
operations.
5. Health education for disseminating information
on specific hazards and risks in the work
environment.
6. Special examination and surveillance of health
of women and children
7. Advising the employer or management for
improving working conditions, and placement of
hazards.
8. Monitoring of working environment for
assessment and control of hazards.
9. Supervision over sanitation, hygiene and
canteen facilities.
10. Liaison and cooperation with the safety
committees
11.Maintenance of medical records for medical
check-up and follow-up for maintaining health
standards and also for evaluation.
12.To carry out other parallel activities such as
nutrition programme, family planning, social
services recreation etc., Concerning the health
and welfare of the workers.
Occupational Hazards-( CHART)

Psychosocial
Physical Hazards Biological Hazards Hazards
a. Physical Hazards
1. Heat and cold
2. Light
3. Noise: is the health hazard in many
industries.
The effects of noise are two types:
i. Auditory
ii. Non-auditory
 Vibration
 Ultraviolet radiation
 Ionizing Radiation.
b. Chemical hazards:
1. Local action
2. Inhalation
i) Dusts
ii) Gases
iii) Metals and their compounds
3. Ingestion
c. Biological Hazards
d. Mechanical Hazards
e. Psychosocial hazards
i. psychological and behavioral
changes

ii. Psychosomatic ill health

Occupational diseases

Occupational Diseases caused by

Physical Hazards-
Heat
Heat hyperpyrexia

Heat exhaustion

Heat syncope

Burns & local effects such as prickly heat

Heat cramps
COLD
Trench foot Frost bite Chilblains

LIGHT
•Occupational cataract

•Miner’s nystagmus
NOISE
 Occupational Deafness

PRESSURE
Air embolism

Blast

Peptic ulcer
RADIATION

Cancer Leukemia

A plastic Pancytope
anemia nia
MECHANICAL FACTORS
 Injuries
 Accidents
ELECTRICITY
 Burn
b.)Occupational diseases caused by
Chemical Hazards-
LOCAL ACTION:
 Dermatitis, eczema.
GASES
 CO2, CO, HCL, SO2, N2, H2S these causes
gas poisoning
DUST
1. INORGANIC DUST:
a) Coal dust – Anthracosis
b) Silica – Silicosis
c) Asbestos – Asbestosis, cancer lung
d) Iron – Siderosis

2. ORGANIC DUST:
a) Cane fibre - Bagassosis
b) Cotton dust - Byssinosis
c) Tobacco - Tobacossis
d) Hay or grain dust – Farmers’ lung
3.METAL & THEIR COMPONENTS
 Lead
 Mercury
 Cadmium
 Manganese
 Arsenic
 Chromium

4.CHEMICALS
 Acids
 Alkalies
 Pesticides
5.SOLVENTS
 Carbon disulphide
 Benzene
 Chloroform
c.)Occupational diseases caused
by Biological Agents-
•1. Brucellosis

•2. Leptospirosis

•3.Anthrax

•4. Hydatidosis

•5.Tetanus

•6.Encephalitis

•7.Fungal infection
d.)Occupational Cancer
 cancer of skin
 cancer of lungs
 cancer of bladder

e.) Occupational dermatosis-

 Dermatitis, eczema

f.)Diseases due to psychological origin

 Industrial neurosis
 Hypertension
Health problem due to industrialization –

1. Nutrition
2. Communicable diseases
3. Environmental sanitation
4. Mental health
5. Measures for women and children
6. Health education
Prevention of Occupational
Diseases
The various measures for the prevention of
occupational diseases may be grouped under
three heads-, Medical, engineering and
statuary or legislative.
Medical
1 •Prerplacement examination

Hazard Undesirable conditions

Lead Anemia, hypertension, nephritis, peptic ulcer
Dyes Asthma; skin, bladder and kidney diseases;
precancerous lesions
Solvents Liver and kidney disease, dermatatitis,
alcoholism
Silica Active tuberculosis of lungs and chronic lungs
disease
2 •.Periodical examination

3 •Medical and health care services

4 •Supervision of working environment

5 •Maintenance and analysis of records

6 •Health education and counseling

Flash card ( engerning
measure)

ENGINEERING
MEASURES
LEGISLATIVE
 The most important factory laws in India today are:
(I) The Factories Act, 1948
(2) The Employees’ State Insurance Act 1948 There are
other specialized Acts adapted to the particular
circumstances of the industry, e.g., the Mines Act, the
Plantation Act, the Minimum Wages Act, the Maternity
Benefit Act, etc. All these Acts lay down certain
standards.
(3)Tie Factories Act, 1948
The first Indian Factories Act dates as far back as 1881.
The Act was revised and amended several times, the
latest being, the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987.
(4)The Employees State Insurance
Act, 1948
 The ESI Act passed in 1948 is an
important measure of social security
and health insurance in this country.
It provides for certain cash and
medical benefits to industrial
employees in case of sickness,
maternity and employment injury
 Medical Sickness
benefit benefit

Maternity Disableme
benefit nt benefit

Dependan Funeral
t’s benefit benefit
Benefits to
Rehabilitatio
the
n allowances Employees
 ESI Act of 1975 were extended to the following new classes

Small
power
using
factories
employing
Road
10 to 19
Hostel and Cinemas motor Newspaper
persons
Shops restaurant and transport establishm
and non
s theatres establishm ent
power
ent
using
factories
employing
20 or more
persons.
 https://www.esic.nic.in/Publications/b
enefits_cc.pdf
1.Medical Benefit

All member of the worker gets the

medical cover including the Outdoor
treatment, domiciliary treatment
facilities by the panel system,
specialist services, ambulance
services, and indoor services.
2.Sickness Benefit

At the rate of 50% of the daily

average wage is given to the
employee for a maximum period of
91 days in one year. In diseases like
tuberculosis, leprosy, fracture,
malignancy etc, the sickness
benefits are extended to two year.
3.Maternity Benefit

At the rate of full wages for a period of 84 days in case of

pregnancy and 6 weeks in case of miscarriage or MTP.
4.Disablement Benefit

In cash, 72% of the wages is given to

the temporary disabled person
during the period of disablement. In
case of permanent disablement, the
payment is made at the same rate
for the whole of his life in the form of
pension.
5.Dependent Benefit

Widow or adopted child (up to the age of 18 years or till the

daughter get married) of the diseased person gets the cash
payment may be in the form of pension.
6.Funeral Benefit

An amount of Rs. 5000 is paid to the

eldest surviving member for the
funeral purpose.

After 2018 An amount

of Rs. 15,000/- is payable to the
dependents or to the person who
performs last rites from day one of
entering insurable employment.
7.Rehabilitation allowances

 Physical Rehabilitation : In case of

physical disablement due to
employment injury. Old Age Medical
Care :For Insured Person retiring on
attaining the age of superannuation
or under VRS/ERS and person having
to leave service due to permanent
disability insured person & spouse on
payment of Rs. 120/- per annum.
Central Government Health
Scheme (CGHS)
 The CGHS was introduced in 1954 as a contributory
health scheme to provide comprehensive medical
care to the central government employees and their
families.
 Currently, there are approximately 5.5 million
beneficiaries.
 The staff contributes a nominal amount (ranging
from Rs 30 to Rs 300 per month) from their salaries.
 It provides service through following categories of
systems:-
1. Allopathic
2. Homeopathic
3. Indian System of Medicines
CGHS
BeneficiariesBesides
Central Government employees, the
scheme also provides services to:
1. Members and Ex-members of
Parliament
2. Judges of the Supreme Court and
High Court (sitting and retired)
3. Freedom Fighters
4. Central Government Pensioners,
Employees of Autonomous bodies
5. Ex-Governors and Ex-Vice-
 CGHS Facilities The benefit package includes both
outpatient care and hospitalization. The medical
facilities are provided through Wellness Centers and
polyclinics.
1. 248 Allopathic dispensaries
2. 19 polyclinics
3. 78 Ayaush dispensary/units
4. 3 Yoga Centers
5. 65 Laboratories
6. 17 Dental Units
7. Also uses the facilities of the government and
approved private hospitals to provide inpatient care
and reimburses the expenses to the patient.
ROLE OF NURSE IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
components of the
occupational health nursing

components
Managemen of the
t Policy And occupational
Interperson The Health health
al Care System nursing
Relationship
Therapeut
ic
Services
Health
progra
mmers
ROLE OF A OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE.
DEFINITION
Occupational health nursing
practices in the speciality of practice
thus provides for & delivers health
care services to the workers and
workers population.
Role of occupational health
nurse
Home care

Cooperation and plant development

Special provision of services for women and

children-

Crèche work

Rehabilitation of the ill and injured workers

Industrial plan survey

Administrative responsibilities
 NURSE’S
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Participate in health assessment
program
• Provide nursing care to workers
• Counsel workers
• Plan participation in health programs
• Advise environmental sanitation
• Carry out nursing duties
 FUNCTIONS OF
NURSE
• Physical & psychological assessment
• Prevention of occupational &
non- occupational illness
• Provision for treatment
• Fostering a high level of wellness of
the workers
• Health promotion ,Education and training
• Counseling and support
• Risk assessment and risk management
Conclusion

 In conclusion it needs to be pointed out that is a

new field in the area of community healthy which
is gaining importance specially where India is
becoming an industrialized nation. Therefore it is
challenging job for the nurse to be involved in the
occupational health
 The employees and the workers are the major part
the population and the health status of them
depends on the good occupational health, so it is
very necessary for today to focus on the
occupational health services and the serve the
population
References –

 Abbott PD, Majeed KS. A survey of parasitic lesions in wild-caught, laboratory-maintained

primates: (rhesus, cynomolgus, and baboon). Vet. Pathol. 1984;21(2):198–207. [PubMed]
 Aghababian RV, Teuscher J. Infectious diseases following major disasters. Ann. Emerg.
Med. 1992;21(4):362–367. [PubMed]
 Aiello SE, editor. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 8th edition. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck
& Co. Inc; 1998.
 Alterman L. Toxins and toothcombs: Potential allospecific chemical defenses in Nycticebus
and Perodicticus. In: Alterman L, Doyle GA, Izard MK, editors. Creatures of the Dark: The
Nocturnal Prosimians. New York: Plenum Press; 1995.
 Aoyama K, Ueda A, Manda F, Matsushira T, Ueda T, Yamauchi C. Allergy to laboratory
animals: an epidemiological study. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1992;49:41–47. [PMC free article] [
PubMed]
 Armstrong J, Hertzog RE, Hall RT, Hoff GL. Giardiasis in apes and zoo attendants. CDC Vet.
Pub. Health Notes; January 1979; Kansas City, Missouri. 1979.
 Artenstein AW, Hicks CB, Goodwin BS, Hilliard JK. Human infection with B virus following a
needle stick injury. Rev. Infect Dis. 1991;13(2):288–91. [PubMed]
 ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers). ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code. New York: ASME International; 2001.
 Ator NA. Subjects and instrumentation. In: Iversen IH, Lattal KA, editors. Techniques in the
Behavioral and Neural Sciences: Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Part 1. Amsterdam:
Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991.
 Baker HJ, Bradford LG, Montes LF. Dermatophytosis due to Microsporum canis in a rhesus
monkey. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1971;159:1607–1611. [PubMed]
 Barton LL, Mets MB. Congential lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: decade
of rediscovery. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2001;33:370–374. [PubMed]
 Battles AH, Greiner EC, Collins BR. Efficacy of invermectin against natural infection
of Strongyloides spp in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Lab. Anim.
Sci. 1988;38:474–476. [PubMed]
 Bayne KAL, Davis R. Susceptibility of the rhesus monkey to the Ponzo Illusion. Bull.
Psychonomic Soc. 1983;21(6):476–478.
 NRC (National Research Council) and Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources
Committee to Revise the Guide. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
Animals. 7th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1996.
 NRC (National Research Council). Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and
Use of Research Animals.Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
 NRC (National Research Council) and Committee on Well-Being of Nonhuman
Primates. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates. Washington, DC:
National Academy Press; 1998.
 NRC (National Research Council) and Committee on Guidelines for the Use of
Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research. Washington, DC: The National
Academies Press; Guidelines for the Care and Use of Animals in Neuroscience and
Behavioral Research. In press.
 NSC (National Safety Council). Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene. Itasca, IL:
National Safety Council; 1996
Assingnment

Write a detail about special role of

nurse for occupational?