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Life Sciences Gr.11 Lesson 2 Basic Structure of Bacteria

The document provides an overview of the basic structure and characteristics of bacteria, which belong to the Kingdom Monera and are unicellular prokaryotic organisms. It discusses their shapes, types of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), and methods of reproduction, specifically binary fission. Additionally, it highlights the importance of bacteria in ecosystems, including their roles as decomposers and pathogens.

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24 views12 pages

Life Sciences Gr.11 Lesson 2 Basic Structure of Bacteria

The document provides an overview of the basic structure and characteristics of bacteria, which belong to the Kingdom Monera and are unicellular prokaryotic organisms. It discusses their shapes, types of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), and methods of reproduction, specifically binary fission. Additionally, it highlights the importance of bacteria in ecosystems, including their roles as decomposers and pathogens.

Uploaded by

tsholofelonkoana1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Life Sciences: Basic structure of Bacteria

Grade 11
Lesson 2

Presenter: Dr Grizelda van Wyk


CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
Scientists
have placed all
the organisms
into specific
groups so that
it is easier to
study them.
There are five
groups called
kingdoms.
KINGDOM OF MONERANS
BACTERIA
BASIC STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
 Bacteria belong to the Kingdom Monera. Bacteria are found everywhere on earth. Some are
pathogenic and cause diseases such as tuberculosis, while most are useful. Bacteria are
unicellular.
 They have no membrane around the nuclear material and therefor are said to be prokaryotic.
 They occur in different shapes:
BASIC STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
DNA is called a
nucleoid and has Bacteria have a small circular
no membrane double stranded DNA molecule
around it called a plasmid in the cytoplasm

Cell wall made


There are no up of
membrane- polysaccharides,
bound proteins and
organelles in lipids.
the
cytoplasm

A slime
capsule
A whip-like flagellum is
prevents
used to move in a liquid.
desiccation
The flagella can rotate to
(drying out)
propel the organism
forwards.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA
• Bacteria may be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA

• There are 2 types of autotrophic bacteria.


They are photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria.
• The photosynthetic bacteria make their own food using sunlight.
• Chemosynthetic bacteria also make their own food, but the energy need
is obtained from chemical processes.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA
• There are 3 types of heterotrophic bacteria:
parasitic bacteria, saprophytic bacteria and mutualistic bacteria.
• The parasitic bacteria obtain their food from the living
organisms on which they live. They cause harm to these
living organisms.
• If the parasitic bacteria cause diseases they are called
pathogens. If they do not cause disease then they are called
non-pathogens.
• The mutualistic bacteria have a close relationship with another
organism in which they both benefit.
• The saprophytic bacteria obtain their food from dead and
decaying matter. This makes them very important in the nitrogen
cycle and as decomposers.
REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA
 Bacteria can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, mutualistic, parasitic or saprophytic
 Bacteria reproduce very rapidly by binary fission

The DNA
replicates and
then cytokinesis
occurs forming
two cells
ACTIVITY 1
The diagram below is that of a bacterial cell. 1. Define the term prokaryotic.
A unicellular organism that has no nucleus or
other nuclear bound organelles

2. Identify the parts labelled A, D and G.


A – Slime capsule
D – Nucleoid /DNA
G - Flagellum
3. State the function of the part labelled G.
Allows for movement so
the bacterium can swim
THANK YOU

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