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Object Oriented Programming Techniques

The document discusses Object Oriented Programming (OOP) as a programming paradigm suitable for large, complex systems, contrasting it with procedural programming. It outlines the history and evolution of programming languages leading to OOP, emphasizing its focus on objects that encapsulate data and functions. Key concepts such as classes, access specifiers, and object instantiation are also introduced, along with examples in C++.

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muhammadalibajwa013
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4 views

Object Oriented Programming Techniques

The document discusses Object Oriented Programming (OOP) as a programming paradigm suitable for large, complex systems, contrasting it with procedural programming. It outlines the history and evolution of programming languages leading to OOP, emphasizing its focus on objects that encapsulate data and functions. Key concepts such as classes, access specifiers, and object instantiation are also introduced, along with examples in C++.

Uploaded by

muhammadalibajwa013
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming

Techniques
Programming Paradigm
Procedural Programming
• Structured/Modular Programming

Object Oriented Programming


Programming Paradigm
• Procedural Programming
• Suitable for small size programs
• Modular approach
• Divide a problem in sub modules
• Effective for simple linear tasks
• Object Oriented Programming
• Suitable for large complex systems
• Model real world entities and their interactions
• Reusability
• Maintenance
History
Difficult to code using Machine Language

After the invention of the microprocessor, assembly


languages flourished
• Importance to functions rather than data
• Functions and Modules
• Functions
• Used for medium-sized applications
• Data is global
• Security issues
History
• These programming constructs were developed in the late
1970s and 1980s
• Issues with well structured programs
• Over generalization
• Correlation problem
• Not suitable for real time applications
Solution:
Object Oriented Approach
Object Oriented Approach
• Revolution in the programming methodology field
• Generalization
• Real-time objects creation
• Results in more organized, reusable, and maintainable code
• Languages:
• C++ (C with Classes)
• Java
• Python
• C#
Object Oriented Programming
• OOP is centered around the object, which packages together both the
data and the functions that operate on the data
• Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language
model organized around objects rather than "actions" and data rather
than logic
Object-Oriented Programming

• Object-Oriented Programming
▪ In OOP, the first step in the problem-solving process is to identify the
components called objects, which form the basis of the solution, and to
determine how these objects interact with one another

▪ For example, suppose you want to write a program that automates the
University Management System

▪ The three main objects in this problem are


• Students, Faculty and Staff
OOP Terminology
• In OOP, an object’s member variables are often called its attributes
and its member functions are sometimes referred to as its behaviors
or methods
Introduction to the Class
• In C++, the class is the construct primarily used to create objects
class class-name
{
// declaration statements here
};

10
Introduction to the Class (Cont..)

11
Access Specifiers
● The key words private and public are access specifiers.
● private means they can only be accessed by the member functions
● public means they can be called from statements outside the class
○ Note: the default access of a class is private, but it is still a good idea to use the
private key word to explicitly declare private members
○ This clearly documents the access specification of the class

12
Example:
class Rectangle
{
private:
float width, length, area;
public:
void setData(float, float);
void calcArea(void);
float getWidth(void);
float getLength(void);
float getArea(void);
};

13
Defining an Instance of a Class
• Class objects must be defined after the class is declared.
• Defining a class object is called the instantiation of a class.
• Rectangle box; // box is an instance of Rectangle

14
Objects and Classes
#include <iostream>
class smallobj //define a class
{
private:
int somedata; //class data
public:
void setdata(int d) //member function to set data
{ somedata = d; }
void showdata() //member function to display data
{ cout << “Data is “ << somedata << endl; }
};
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Objects and Classes Cont..
int main()
{
smallobj s1, s2; //define two objects of class smallobj
s1.setdata(1066); //call member function to set data
s2.setdata(1776);
s1.showdata(); //call member function to display data
s2.showdata();
return 0;
}

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