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Automobile Engineering Introduction

The document provides an overview of automobile engineering, covering the history of automobiles, their basic structure, and various systems including powertrain, running, and comfort systems. It discusses the evolution of engines, types of fuel supply systems, and the impact of vehicle emissions on pollution. Additionally, it highlights the classification of automobiles and the function of chassis and filters in vehicles.

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Rajeev Sukheeja
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21 views32 pages

Automobile Engineering Introduction

The document provides an overview of automobile engineering, covering the history of automobiles, their basic structure, and various systems including powertrain, running, and comfort systems. It discusses the evolution of engines, types of fuel supply systems, and the impact of vehicle emissions on pollution. Additionally, it highlights the classification of automobiles and the function of chassis and filters in vehicles.

Uploaded by

Rajeev Sukheeja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

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INTRODUCTION
• History
• Basic Structure
• General Layout and types of automotive
vehicles
• Frameless and unitary Construction
• Position of Power unit
History Of The
Automobile
History
• The first car was built by Joseph Cugnot in 1769. It was powered
by a steam engine and was very slow.
• Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir was the first to build the one cylinder
engine, internal-combustion engine, was later patent.
• Nikolaus August Otto built the first four cylinder engine.
• In 1886 Gottlieb Daimler designed the first four wheeled
automobile. They also created the first v-slanted engine.
• Karl Benz, know as one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz, is the
first to build an automobile powered by an internal combustion
engine.
• Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach with Benz’s
manufacturing firm in 1926 to create Daimler-Benz. The joint
company makes cars today under the Mercedes-Benz nameplate,
and Daimler Chrysler
History
• Henry Ford, a famous car company founder, manufactured
over 15 million Model Ts by 1927
• Hybrid cars have also been around since the 1900’s.
• In the 1900’s Ford made more steam and electric cars than it
did gasoline.
• The first hybrid commercial truck was built in 1910, and as the
gasoline engine was refined interest in hybrids died down.
• As problems with environment and gas process continue,
Hybrids are now a hot commodity in the market place and are
now the new wave of future cars
SYSTEMS IN AN AUTOMOBILE
A. POWER TRAIN SYSTEM
• POWER PLANT (POWER GENERATION - ENGINE)
• ENGINE
• FUEL SYSTEM
• INTAKE SYSTEM
• EXHAUST SYSTEM
• COOLING SYSTEM
• DRIVE LINE (POWER TRANSMISSION )
• CLUTCH
• GEAR BOX/TRANSMISSION
• TRANSFER CASE
• DIFFERENTIAL
• WHEELS/TYRES
B. RUNNING SYSTEM
– SUSPENSION
– STEERING
– BRAKING

C. COMFORT SYSTEM
– HVAC/AC/HEATER SYSTEM
– SEATING/UPHOLSTRY/FACIA/INSTRUMENTS
– AUDIO/VIDEO/GPS
Classification of Automobiles
1. Purpose
2. On the basis of load
3. Wheels
4. Fuel used
5. Body
6. Transmission
7. Based on the side of drive
Automobile Body Types
Chassis

• Chassis is a French term and was initially used to denote the


frame parts or Basic Structure of the vehicle.
• A vehicle with out body is called Chassis.
• The components of the vehicle like Power plant, Transmission
System, Axles, Wheels and Tyres, Suspension, Controlling
Systems like Braking, Steering etc., and also electrical system
parts are mounted on the Chassis frame.
Function of Chassis
frame:
1.To carry load of the passengers or goods carried in the body.
2.To support the load of the body, engine, gear box etc.
3.To withstand the forces caused due to the sudden braking or
acceleration
4.To withstand the stresses caused due to the bad road
condition.
5. To withstand centrifugal force while cornering
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This unit deals with :
• Engine Power requirements :
– Operation
– Classification
– Tractive effort and Engine performance curves
– Motion resistance and power loss
• Pollution due to vehicle emission
• Exhaust emission control system
ENGINE
ENGINE IS THE HEART OF THE AUTOMOBILE

• IT GENERATES MOTIVE POWER FOR LOCOMOTION


• IT CONVERTS CHEMICAL ENERGY OF THE FUEL TO MECHANICAL
ENERGY
• ENGINE DEVELOPS POWER & TORQUE
– TORQUE : - Is the capacity to do work. Measured in Kg-m , N-m , Lb-ft
– POWER : - How fast the work can be done. Measured in - Horse Power,
Kilo watt
ENGINE OPERATION - 4 STROKE
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES
ENGINES CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN MANY WAYS :
1. By Mechanical construction - 4 Stroke/2-Stroke
2. By type of Ignition - Compression Ignition/Spark Ignition
COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES
• Basically Diesel engines
• Use diesel fuel
• Combustion is initiated by heat, on its own
SPARK IGNITION ENGINES
• Basically Petrol engines, LPG engines, CNG engines
• Use leaded or unleaded petrol, Alcohol, LPG or CNG
• Combustion is initiated by a spark from a spark plug
Pollution due to Vehicle Emission

• Air pollution can be defined as an addition to our atmosphere


of any material which will have a deleterious effect on life
upon our planet.
• Besides I.C. engines other sources such as electric power
stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumers also add
pollution.
• There has been a great concern, in recent years, that the
internal combustion engines is responsible for too much
atmospheric pollution, which is detrimental to human health
and the environment. Thus concerted efforts are being made
to reduce the responsible pollutants emitted from the exhaust
system without sacrificing power and fuel consumption.
• Pollutants are produced by the incomplete burning of the air-
fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. The major pollutants
emitted from the exhaust due to incomplete combustion are :
– Carbon monoxide (CO)
– Hydrocarbons (HC)
– Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)'
• Other products produced are acetylene, aldehydes etc. If,
however, combustion is complete the only products being
expelled from the exhaust would be water vapour which is
harmless, and carbon dioxide, which is an inert gas and, as
such it is not directly harmful to humans.
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This unit deals with :
• Introduction
• Air cleaner and fuel pumps
• Carburettor
• Fuel injection system
• Diesel fuel system
INTRODUCTION- FUEL SYPPLY SYSTEM

•An important element of an engine.


• Core function : To ensure the smooth and uninterrupted supply of
fuel to other peripherals of an engine.
• It comprises of various components and devices like carburetor,
fuel pump, fuel tank, fuel coolers, automobile filters.
•Today, almost every automobile has a pressurized fuel supply
system equipped with a pump that is used for pushing fuel from the
fuel tank to engine of the vehicle.
This system mainly consists of below parts,

01) Fuel Storage Tank

02) Fuel Pump

03) Fuel Filter

04) Carburetor

05) Inlet manifold

06) Inlet Valve


Fuel Storage Tank
In a fuel system for a petrol engine, the fuel storage tank
is located well below the carburetor.
Fuel Pump
There are two types of fuel pumps :
Mechanical Fuel Pumps
Electric Fuel Pumps
Mechanical fuel pumps are used on older engines that have
carburetors (though some may have a low pressure electric fuel pump
mounted in or near the gas tank). The pump siphons fuel from the gas
tank and pushes it to the carburetor when the engine is cranking or
running.
Mechanical fuel pumps use a lever that rides on the camshaft to pump
a rubber diaphragm inside the pump up and down. This creates suction
that pulls fuel into the pump, and then pushes it along. A pair of one-
way valves inside the pump only allow the gas to move in one direction
(toward the engine).
The output pressure of a mechanical fuel pump is typically quite low:
only 4 to 10 psi. But little pressure is needed to keep a carburetor
supplied with fuel.
MECHANICAL PUMP ANIMATION
ELECTRICAL FUEL PUMP
An electric fuel pump is used on engines with fuel injection to pump
fuel from the gas tank to the injectors. The pump must deliver the
fuel under high pressure (typically 30 to 85 psi depending on the
application) so the injectors can spray the fuel into the engine.

Electric fuel pumps are usually mounted inside the fuel tank,
though some may be mounted outside the tank. Some vehicles may
even have two fuel pumps (a transfer pump inside the tank, and a
main fuel pump outside).
Automobile Filters:
Automobile Filters are the devices or strainers generally tank or tubes used
in automobiles for separating impurities from gases or fluids. An automobile
filter ensure that the fuel, which is circulated in the engine, is filtered, clean
and does not contain any waste material. Filters used in automobile engine
come in variety of sizes, shapes and dimensions. These filters are used for
filtering air, oil, water, gas and chemicals distributed in the engine of the
vehicle. Filters used in automobile are made of high quality material like
rubber, carbon, stainless steel, polyurethane, polyester, fiberglass etc.
Filters are of many types such as:

Fuel Filters Oil Filters


Air Cleaner Air Filter Assemblies
Inline Filter Fuel Filter Seal
AIR CLEANER
Function of air cleaner:

•Filters dirt or dust particles


•Act as silencer for carburetion system
•Acts as a flame arrester in case of engine back fires.

Type of air cleaner :

1.Heave duty or Oil bath Type air cleaner


2.Light duty .
3.Thermostatic air cleaner

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