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Ch. 10

The document provides an overview of the fundamentals of the Internet, including its history, how it works, and various addressing schemes like IP and DNS. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet, as well as key terminologies such as web pages, web browsers, and email. Additionally, it includes multiple-choice questions to test understanding of the material presented.

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ammarimran2192
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13 views17 pages

Ch. 10

The document provides an overview of the fundamentals of the Internet, including its history, how it works, and various addressing schemes like IP and DNS. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet, as well as key terminologies such as web pages, web browsers, and email. Additionally, it includes multiple-choice questions to test understanding of the material presented.

Uploaded by

ammarimran2192
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 year

st

Computer
Ch. 10: Fundamentals of Internet
Topics
• Internet & its history
• How internet works?
• Addressing schemes
• Terminologies related to
internet
Internet
Collection of all computer networks around the world

Advantages
• Education & technology (Online tutorials, research etc.)
• Entertainment (Live matches, movies, songs etc.)
• Social networking (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp etc.)
• Online services (Shopping, games, banking etc.)

Disadvantag
•es
Threats to personal information
• Virus attacks
• Cyber crime
History of Internet
• In 1969 advanced research project agency (ARPA) developed a network
of four computers.
• Provide communication among various bodies of Govt.
• For academic purpose, National science foundation (NSF) developed a
network of five computers.
• ARPANET + NSFNET + Small network around the world = Internet
How internet works?
A backbone is a line or set of lines
that local area networks connect to
for a wide area network e.g. satellite
links, fiber optics or coaxial cable etc.
Addressing schemes
• Every computer connected to a network has a unique address.

• Types of addressing scheme

1. IP addressing

2. DNS addressing
IP addressing
• IP stands for internet protocol.
• 32 bit long sequence of 1s & 0s.
• A unique identifier
• Written in dotted decimal notation.
• Each byte/ octet is in range 0 – 255
Classes of IP address
i. Class A0 – 126
ii. Class B128 – 191
iii. Class C192 – 223
iv. Class D224 – 239
v. Class E240 – 255

Example: 192.168.1.1
DNS addressing
• IP address is difficult to remember for the user.
• All servers have human readable names called domain names
• DNS is an internet service that translates domain names into IP
addresses.
Example:
www.google.com has two parts i.e. host name and domain.
Domain Type of Institutions
.com Business (commercial)
.edu Educational institutes
.gov Government
organizations
.mil Military organizations
.org Other organizations
MCQs:
Initially there were _________ hosts in ARPANET:
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

Which of the following is an advantage of using internet?


A. Online tutorials B. Virus attacks
C. Cyber crime D. Your personal information can be leaked out

Backbones around the world are connected through:


A. Fiber optics B. Satellite links
C. Undersea cables D. All of these

Which of the following is a valid IP address?


A. 128.156.226.1 B. 128,156,226,1
C. 128-156-226-1 D. 128;156;226;1
Some terminologies
World wide web (www)
• Collection of electronic documents
• Launched in 1989
• Also called web
Web page
• Electronic document written in hypertext markup language (HTML)
• Also called, hypertext document
• Can contain text, image, graphics, audio, video etc.
Website
• Collection of related web pages
• Connected via hyperlinks
• Each website have unique address
• Stored on host computer (web servers)
• Launching a webpage is called publishing the web page
• First page of a website is called Home page
Some terminologies
Web browser
• Program that allows you to view webpages
• Mozilla Firefox, Internet explorer, Google chrome, Safari, Opera, Yandex etc.
Web browsing
• Searching information on world wide web
• Text, Image, graphics, audio, video etc.
Search engine
• Website that contains information of all other websites
• Google, Yahoo, Bing, AltaVista, Ask, Excite
Uniform resource locator (URL)
• Unique address of a webpage
• Type: //address/path e.g. http://www.abc.com/index.html
File server
• Stores and manages the files
Some terminologies
Webserver
• Stored webpages
• Respond to requests of web browsers
Downloading
• Transfer of information from remote computer to our computer
Uploading
• Transfer of information from our computer to remote computer
Electronic mail (Email)
• Allows us to send the message over internet using email address
• Text, image, video, audio etc.
• Fast message delivery, inexpensive, around the world service
Email address
• Unique address for each email account
• Username @domainname
Some terminologies
Email client
• Program used to send, receive emails e.g. outlook express, Apple mail
thunderbird etc.
Email server
• Host computer on internet used to send/receive emails
• Yahoo, Gmail, Hotmail etc.
Email attachment
• Feature of email to send files with email
• Text, image, audio, video etc.
• Attachment size differs
Limitations of email
• Lack of privacy
• Junk mail (spam)
• Virus attacks
Some terminologies
News group
• Discussion groups on internet
• People share information regarding general topics like health, hobbies,
celebrities etc.
News servers
• A host computer that exchange articles with other servers on internet
• Uses network news transfer protocol (NNTP)
MCQs:
A particular page on internet can be accessed through:
A. Page title B. URL
C. Website address D. HTML

What type of data can be sent via email?


A. Text B. Video
C. Audio D. All of these

Which of the following program is used to view webpages?


A. Google B. HTML
C. Web browsing D. Google chrome

Altavista.com is a:
A. Website B. Search engine
C. Both A & B D. None of these
Thank you!

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