Ch. 10
Ch. 10
st
Computer
Ch. 10: Fundamentals of Internet
Topics
• Internet & its history
• How internet works?
• Addressing schemes
• Terminologies related to
internet
Internet
Collection of all computer networks around the world
Advantages
• Education & technology (Online tutorials, research etc.)
• Entertainment (Live matches, movies, songs etc.)
• Social networking (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp etc.)
• Online services (Shopping, games, banking etc.)
Disadvantag
•es
Threats to personal information
• Virus attacks
• Cyber crime
History of Internet
• In 1969 advanced research project agency (ARPA) developed a network
of four computers.
• Provide communication among various bodies of Govt.
• For academic purpose, National science foundation (NSF) developed a
network of five computers.
• ARPANET + NSFNET + Small network around the world = Internet
How internet works?
A backbone is a line or set of lines
that local area networks connect to
for a wide area network e.g. satellite
links, fiber optics or coaxial cable etc.
Addressing schemes
• Every computer connected to a network has a unique address.
1. IP addressing
2. DNS addressing
IP addressing
• IP stands for internet protocol.
• 32 bit long sequence of 1s & 0s.
• A unique identifier
• Written in dotted decimal notation.
• Each byte/ octet is in range 0 – 255
Classes of IP address
i. Class A0 – 126
ii. Class B128 – 191
iii. Class C192 – 223
iv. Class D224 – 239
v. Class E240 – 255
Example: 192.168.1.1
DNS addressing
• IP address is difficult to remember for the user.
• All servers have human readable names called domain names
• DNS is an internet service that translates domain names into IP
addresses.
Example:
www.google.com has two parts i.e. host name and domain.
Domain Type of Institutions
.com Business (commercial)
.edu Educational institutes
.gov Government
organizations
.mil Military organizations
.org Other organizations
MCQs:
Initially there were _________ hosts in ARPANET:
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
Altavista.com is a:
A. Website B. Search engine
C. Both A & B D. None of these
Thank you!