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Lecture-1.2.2

The document discusses key concepts in Java, specifically focusing on polymorphism, encapsulation, and data privacy. It explains the types of polymorphism, including compile-time and runtime, and provides examples of upcasting and encapsulation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data privacy through encapsulation and includes references for further learning.

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Suhani Dabral
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6 views14 pages

Lecture-1.2.2

The document discusses key concepts in Java, specifically focusing on polymorphism, encapsulation, and data privacy. It explains the types of polymorphism, including compile-time and runtime, and provides examples of upcasting and encapsulation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data privacy through encapsulation and includes references for further learning.

Uploaded by

Suhani Dabral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSTITUTE : UIE

DEPARTMENT : CSE
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
PROJECT BASED LEARNING IN JAVA WITH LAB
(22CSH-359/22ITH-359)

TOPIC OF PRESENTATION:
Polymorphism, Encapsulation and data privacy. (CO 2)

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER


Lecture Objectives

In this lecture, we will discuss:


Polymorphism, Encapsulation
and data privacy.

2
Polymorphism
Polymorphism in Java is a concept by which we can perform a single action in different ways.
Polymorphism is derived from 2 Greek words: poly and morphs. The word "poly" means many
and "morphs" means forms. So polymorphism means many forms.

There are two types of polymorphism in Java: compile-time polymorphism and runtime
polymorphism. We can perform polymorphism in java by method overloading and method
overriding.

If you overload a static method in Java, it is the example of compile time polymorphism. Here,
we will focus on runtime polymorphism in java.

3
There are two types of polymorphism in Java: compile-time polymorphism and runtime
polymorphism. We can perform polymorphism in java by method overloading and
method overriding.
If you overload a static method in Java, it is the example of compile time polymorphism.
Here, we will focus on runtime polymorphism in java.

Upcasting
If the reference variable of Parent class refers to the object of Child class, it is known as
upcasting. For example:
class A{}
class B extends A{}

A a=new B();//upcasting
4
For upcasting, we can use the reference variable of class type or an interface type.
For Example:

interface I{}
class A{}
class B extends A implements I{}

Here, the relationship of B class would be:


• B IS-A A
• B IS-A I
• B IS-A Object
Since Object is the root class of all classes in Java, so we can write B IS-A Object.

5
Example of Java Runtime Polymorphism

class Bike{
void run(){System.out.println("running");}
}
class Splendor extends Bike{
void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 60km");}

public static void main(String args[]){


Bike b = new Splendor();//upcasting
b.run();
}
}
Output:
running safely with 60km.

6
Java Runtime Polymorphism with Data Member
Rule: Runtime polymorphism can't be achieved by data members.

Java Runtime Polymorphism with Multilevel Inheritance

7
Encapsulation
Encapsulation in Java is a process of wrapping code and data together into a single unit, for example, a
capsule which is mixed of several medicines.
• Protective Barrier to prevent data being directly used outside the class
• Hides the implementation level details.

The Java Bean class is the example of a fully encapsulated class.

Advantage of Encapsulation in Java


• make the class read-only or write-only.
• It provides you the control over the data.
• It is a way to achieve data hiding in Java because other class will not be able to access the data
through the private data members.
• The encapsulate class is easy to test. So, it is better for unit testing.

8
Data Privacy using Encapsulation
• Fields in a class are made private to prevent it to be accessed by code outside the class.

• Private fields can be accessed only by using the public methods in the class

• It leads to Data Hiding or Privacy

9
Data Privacy using Encapsulation
• Encapsulated data is accessed using the “Accessor (getter)” and
“Mutator (setter)” methods.

• Accessors – Methods to retrieve the hidden data.

• Mutators – Methods to change hidden data.

10
QUIZ:

1. Which among the following best describes polymorphism?


a) It is the ability for a message/data to be processed in more than one form
b) It is the ability for a message/data to be processed in only 1 form
c) It is the ability for many messages/data to be processed in one way
d) It is the ability for undefined message/data to be processed in at least one way

2. If same message is passed to objects of several different classes and all of those can
respond in a different way, what is this feature called?
a) Inheritance
b) Overloading
c) Polymorphism
d) Overriding
Summary:

In this session, you were able to :


• Learn about Polymorphism, Encapsulation and data
privacy.
References:
Books:
1. Balaguruswamy, Java.
2. A Primer, E.Balaguruswamy, Programming with Java, Tata McGraw Hill
Companies
3. John P. Flynt Thomson, Java Programming.

Video Lectures :
https://youtu.be/jg4MpYr1TBc

Reference Links:
https://www.javatpoint.com/runtime-polymorphism-in-java
https://www.javatpoint.com/encapsulation
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_encapsulation.htm
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/encapsulation-in-java/
THANK YOU

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