A Presentation on

Design of Compact MIMO Antennas For 5.8/2.4 GHz Applications

presented by
Akhilesh Kumar
Under the Supervision of

Prof.

Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur (273010)

 OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Motivation
• Objective
• Antenna Design With Dimensions
• Results and Discussion
 Evolution of Antenna
 Simulated Results
 Isolations of MIMO Antenna
 3-D Gain
 Radiation Efficiency and Peak Gain
 Diversity Gain and Envelope Correlation Coefficients (ECC)
 Radiation Pattern ( E-field & H- field )
 Surface Current Distribution
• Conclusion
• References
• Publications
 Introduction

• MIMO Antenna are an integral part of all wireless communication systems.

Fig. 2: Ex. of a 4X4 MIMO system, where four ante

Fig.1: Ex. of SISO system, where one from the Tx radio communicate with four ante on the Rx
antenna is used on each side of the RF link. radio to improve link connection strength and bandwidth.
Cont…..
Advantages of MIMO Antenna
• The higher data rate can be achieved with the help of multiple antennas and SM
( Spatial Multiplexing) technique. This helps in achieving higher downlink and
uplink throughput.
• High Bandwidth.
• High Efficiency &Fabrication processes are simple.

Disadvantages of MIMO Antenna

• Higher cost
• Hudge power requirements
 5.8/2.4 GHz Band Applications

• C–Band is also includes the 5.8 GHz,which is used in uplink and downlink
frequency applications in radar systems.

• ISM band exits in between 5.725-5.875 GHz ,which is used for medical and
industrial heating applications and many unlicensed short range microwave
communication systems, such as cordless phones baby monitors ,and keyless
entry systems for vehicles.

• And the applications of second design is Wi-Fi /Bluetooth /ISM and WLAN used
in the range of 2.4 GHz frequency band.
 Literature Review
Paper Techniques Parameters Outcomes Research gap
used

[1] A 5-GHz 4/8-ELEMENT Multiple-input FR-4 epoxy Bandwidth:(0.80-0.95)GHz Size of the antenna is
MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEM multiple-output(MIMO) Substrate Gain -0.8dBi not compact
FOR IEEE 802.11AC DEVICES. antenna systems have (h=0.8mm ,
microwave and optical technology emerged as an integral εr=4.4)
letters / Vol. 55, No. 7, July 2013 part of the new 4G L=50mm
wireless standards. W=100mm

[2] A LOW PROFILE PLANAR The fastest extending Substrate Bandwidth:(1.68-2.24) 0.56 Overall covering band
MIMO ANTENNA WITH long term evolution FR4 GHz . is less and isolation is
POLARIZATION DIVERSITY (LTE) technology is a (h=1.78mm, The Gain is 3.0dBi. less.
FOR LTE 1800/1900 viable, expedient, swift, tanδ=0.02, Isolation > -13dB
APPLICATIONS. microwave and and inter-operable εr=4.4)
optical technology letters / Vol. 59, communication L=82.7mm
No. 3, March 2017 broadband technology W=82.7mm
(4G).
 Literature Review
Paper Techniques Parameters Outcomes Research gap
used

[3] A novel ITI-shaped isolation A Two port multiple- Substrate Dual band Bandwidth: Size of the antenna is
structure placed between two-port input-multiple-output FR4 (0.66)GHz and 3.65GHz not compact and
CPW-fed dual-band MIMO (MIMO) antenna system (h=0.8mm , The Gain is 2.5dBi.
antenna for high isolation. introduce diversity,
(Int. J. Electron .comm.). 2019. is designed using ITI- εr=4.4) Efficiency 26% and 64%
gain of one band is low
Shaped L=72mm Isolation > -18dB
patch antennas. W=56mm ECC> 0.05
Tangent Diversity gain > 9.95
loss =0.02

[4] Low-profile 2.4/5.8 GHz A compact 4×4 MIMO Substrate Bandwidth: (2.1-2.8) 0.7 Band width is less
MIMO/diversity antenna for antenna is proposed FR4 GHz .and (4.85-6.6) 1.75
WLAN application, ( Journal of with polarization (h=1.6mm,t GHz.
Electromagnetic Waves and diversity technique for anδ=0.04,εr ECC> 0.14
Applications) 2020. present wireless =4.4)
applications. L=20mm
W=47mm
 Start
Methodology
Antenna design specification

Literature Review

Determination of appropriate
model and design’s
dimensions
• HFSS is a commercial finite element method
solver for electromagnetic structures from
Simulation in EM Simulator
Ansys.

Results

End

Fig 3: Flowchart of Antenna Design

 Motivations

Articles reported in literature have not encountered MIMO antenna for

diversity gain (> 9.8 dB) ,ECC ( >0.03 ) and isolation ( > -30 dB ) for
wireless applications.

Articles Second in literature have not come across MIMO antenna for
Compact in size and diversity gain (> 9.2dB),Operating at 5.8 GHz and
provide > -13dB isolations.
 Objectives

• To design a 4 x 4 MIMO antenna which compact in size.

• To design 2 ×2 MIMO antenna with improved isolation , ECC and diversity
gain for ISM / Bluetooth /Wi-Fi / WLAN applications .
• To design an antenna for 5.8/2.4 GHz applications with co and cross
polarization.
• To obtain the required bandwidth for C- Band, ISM Band, Wi-Fi and WLAN
applications.
Proposed Four Port Compact MIMO Antenna for 5.8 GHz Applications

(a) (b)
Fig. 4. Layout of Antenna. (a) Front view . (b) Back view
Cont………..

• The proposed antenna is compact in size with dimension 38×38mm 3 and 40 This
antenna design using FR4-epoxy dielectric Substrate with a thickness of 1.524mm
and 1.6 mm, dielectric constant is 4.4. and 0.02 respectively.

• A compact four port printed antenna has ground plane , With dimension 30 × 30
dielectric substrate and microstrip feedline. And two port MIMO antenna has
annular slots,circular slots and vertical slots. With slotted ground .
 Results and Discussion

Evolution of Antenna Design/Mechanism

Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step -4( proposed work)

Fig 6: Evolution of Proposed Antenna Fig 7: ||(dB) result of antenna Evolution

 Evolution of Antenna Design/Mechanism

(a)
Ant-1 Ant-2 Ant-3

(b)
Top View Ant-4 ( Proposed Ant.) Bottom view Fig.9 (a, b) compare proposed result with vertical strip (VS) and
Fig 8: Evolution of Proposed Antenna ( Ant-1 to Ant-4) without vertical strip (WVS)
 Simulated result of Antenna Design
Table.1 Results of compact modified MIMO
antennas
Parameters Result(Proposed)

Design and simulation HFSS V 18.2Software

Substrate FR-4 epoxy

Bandwidth 1.1 GHz(5.1 to 6.2 GHz)

0.75 GHz (2.25 to 3 GHz)

Operating Band 5.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz

Fig 10: || Parameters (dB) of antenna Design

 Reflection coefficients of MIMO Antenna at 5.8/2.4 GHz

Fig.: 12 Isolations of MIMO antenna at 2.4 GHz

Fig.: 11 Isolations of MIMO antenna at 5.8 GHz
 3-D Gain of MIMO antenna at 5.8/2.4 GHz

Fig.13 : 3-D Gain of Proposed MIMO antenna is 5.9 dB Fig.14: 3-D Gain of Proposed MIMO antenna is 2.4 dB
 Radiation Efficiency and Peak Gain at 5.8/2.4 GHz

Fig.15: Study of radiation efficiency and peak gain at 5.8 GHz. Fig.16: Comparison results of gain at 2.4 GHz
 Diversity Gain (dB) and ECC of Proposed Antenna at 5.8 GHz

Fig 18 : Proposed MIMO antenna Envelope correlation

Fig 17: Proposed MIMO Antenna Diversity Gain coefficients ( ECC)

• Obtain Diversity gain of MIMO antenna at 5.8GHz is about 10dB. And ECC in between
ports (1-2,1-3 and 1-4 ) i.e. respectively 0.02544,0.015877 and 0.113464.
 Diversity Gain (dB) and ECC of Proposed Antenna at 2.4 GHz

Fig.19: Diversity Gain at 2.4 GHz Fig.20: Envelope Correlation Coefficients at 2.4 GHz

In this MIMO antenna design diversity gain ( > 10.09 dB ) and ECC
( > 0.004 ) at 2.4 GHz radiating frequency.
 Radiation Pattern/ Co and Cross polarization

Fig. 22 : Co and cross polarization at 2.4 GHz

Fig. 21: Radiation Pattern at 5.8GHz

• Unidirectional radiation pattern is obtained at 5.8 GHz .and Fig.22 shows figure of
eight radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz. and also enhance the co-polarization ( >
20 ) and reduce cross polarization( > 5 ).
 Measured and Simulated
Results

Measured and Simulated Results of |S11| at 2.4 GHz Measured and Simulated Results of |S22| at 2.4 GHz
 Conclusions

• A Compact four port element MIMO antenna with a ring ground plane for 5.8
GHz applications. and in the second article a very small single-layer wide-band
MIMO antenna with low mutual coupling for ISM/Bluetooth /Wi-Fi/WLAN
applications is proposed.
• Maximum gain and efficiency obtained at resonate frequency are 5.9dB and
88.63%,at 5.8 GHz radiating frequency and at 2.4 GHz gain is 4dB and
efficiency is 95% .
• The simulated and measured impedance bandwidth is (5.1-6.2)GHz and (2.25 to
3) GHz which is applicable for C- Band, ISM band, Bluetooth WLAN and Wi-
Fi applications.
• Diversity Gain and ECC of the proposed design are 10dB and 0.02544 ( port 1-
2) , 0.015877 ( port 1-3) ,and 0.1134 (port 1-4).
• In this second MIMO antenna design isolation is ( > - 45 dB ), diversity gain
( > 10.09 dB ) and ECC ( > 0.004 ) and also enhance the co-polarization ( >
20 ) and reduce cross polarization( > 5 ).
 References
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letters / Vol. 55, No. 7, July 2013
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1800/1900 applications” microwave and optical technology letters / Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2017
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Member, IEEE “A Four Port MIMO Antenna using Concentric Square Ring Patches Loaded with CSRR for High Isolation”, IEEE Antennas
and Wireless Propagation Letters 2016
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for Wireless Applications”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 61, 2016
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 PUBLICATIONS

Akhilesh Kumar, Shadab Azam Siddique, Sanjay Kumar Soni, Kritika Singh, and
Brijesh Mishra , “ Fore Port Compact MIMO Antenna for 5.8 GHz Applications”. in
International Conference on VLSI and Microwave and wireless Technology -2021 (ICVMWT-
2021),Gorakhpur ,India ,2021.
(Accepted)
Akhilesh Kumar ,Ramesh Kumar verma , Dheeraj Tripathi, “A Compact Slot and Notch
Loaded Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications”. in International Conference on VLSI and
Microwave and wireless Technology -2021 (ICVMWT-2021),Gorakhpur ,India ,2021. (Accepted)
 Akhilesh Kumar, Vipin Upadhyay, Sanjay Kumar Soni, Brijesh Mishra , “Wide Band
MIMO Antenna for ISM/Bluetooth/Wi-Fi/WLAN Applications”. To be Submitted in
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (MOTL), John Wiley & Sons,.

Kritika Singh,Shadab Azam Siddique, Sanjay Kumar Soni ,Akhilesh kumar , and Brijesh
Mishra , “Two Element Annular Ring MIMO Antenna for 2.4/5.8 GHz Applications”. in
3rd International Conferences on Mobile Radio Communications and 5G Networks (Springer Nature-2021) ,
THANK YOU