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Mutual and Non Mutual 1

The document explains the concepts of unions and intersections in probability, defining the union of events A and B (A ∪ B) as outcomes from either event or both, and the intersection (A ∩ B) as outcomes common to both events. It discusses the calculation of probabilities for simple events and introduces the idea of mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events. Various examples and exercises are provided to illustrate these concepts in practical scenarios.

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4 views44 pages

Mutual and Non Mutual 1

The document explains the concepts of unions and intersections in probability, defining the union of events A and B (A ∪ B) as outcomes from either event or both, and the intersection (A ∩ B) as outcomes common to both events. It discusses the calculation of probabilities for simple events and introduces the idea of mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events. Various examples and exercises are provided to illustrate these concepts in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

c1-241-00254
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unions and Intersections

Compound Events
Made of two or
more other events

Union Intersection
A B A B
Either A or B, Both A and B
or both, occur occur
4
Unions and Intersections

5
Unions and Intersections

AB AC

ABC
B C

BC

6
The union of events A and B,
denoted AUB, is the collection of all
outcomes that are elements of one
or the sets A and B or both of them.
It corresponds to combining
descriptions of the two events using
the word “ or “.
It corresponds to combining
descriptions of the two events using
the word “ or “.
The intersection of events A and B is
denoted A∩B. It is the collection of
all outcomes that are elements of
both of the sets A and B.
It corresponds to combining
descriptions of the two events using
the word “and”.
The intersection of A and B (A ∩ B),
corresponds to the shaded region
that lies within both ovals.
We learned that for a probability of
simple events, if each of the
outcomes in a sample space is
equally likely to occur, then the
probability of an event E, denoted
as P(E) is given by
A box contains 3 red balls, 5 yellow
balls, and 2 blue balls. If a ball is
picked at random from the box,
what is the probability that a ball
picked is a
a. yellow ball?
b. a red ball?
Activities such as rolling a die,
tossing a coin, or randomly
choosing a ball from a box which
could be repeated over and over
again and which have welldefined
results are called experiments.
The results of an experiment are
called outcomes. The set of all
outcomes in an experiment is called
a sample space. An event is a subset
of the sample space.
The extracurricular activities in
which the senior class at Kananga
National High School participate are
shown in the Venn diagram below.
1. How many students are in the senior class?
2. How many students participate in athletics?
3. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that the student participates in
athletics or drama?
4. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that the student participates only in
drama and band.
Group 1: People who listen to Pinoy, Western, KPOP music.

Group 2: People who prefer Alone, Group, Partner when


studying.

Group 3: People who have Apple, Samsung, Android phones.

Group 4: People who choose Anime, Hollywood, Korean to


watch.

Group 5: People who have Dog, Cat, Bird in their homes


The Venn diagram shows the
probabilities of grade 10 students
joining either soccer (S) or
basketball (B).
We learned that for a probability of
simple events, if each of the
outcomes in a sample space is
equally likely to occur, then the
probability of an event E, denoted
as P(E) is given by
1. A card is drawn from a standard deck. Find the
probability of drawing a card that is:
a. A red or an ace.
b. A heart or a queen.
P ( A  B ) P ( A)  P ( B )  P ( A  B )
A single card is drawn from a
deck of cards. Find the
probability that the card is a
jack or club.
Set of jacks Set of clubs
P(J or C) = P(J) + P(C) - P(J and C)

Jack and club


(jack of clubs)
The card is king or queen

P ( K  Q)  p ( K )  P (Q)  p ( K  Q)

Kings Queens

Kings and
queens
When figuring out the probability of
two or more events happening, we
don't just have to look at the chances
as determined by a coin toss, die
throw, or the whims of the lottery ball
machine. Instead, we have to figure
out if the multiple events can even
happen if one of the events occurs.
We're talking about a mutually
exclusive event, which is an event
that cannot happen if another event
occurs. Meanwhile, a non-mutually
exclusive event is an event that can
happen no matter what happens to
another event.
If events are mutually exclusive or disjoint, they cannot occur at the
same time. For example, an animal cannot be both a cat and a dog:
“being a cat” and “being a dog” are mutually exclusive or disjoint
events. However, a person may like both cats and dogs, so “likes cats”
and “likes dogs” are not mutually exclusive or disjoint events.
Mutually exclusive events
If A and B are mutually exclusive then

P ( A  B )  p ( A)  p ( B )

The intersection of A and B is the empty set


A
B
P ( A  B ) P ( A)  P ( B )  P ( A  B )
2. A card is drawn from a standard deck. Find the
probability of drawing a heart or a 7.
3. A bowl contains 15 chips numbered 1 to 15. If a
chip is drawn randomly from the bowl, what is
the probability that it is

a. 7 or 15?
b. 5 or a number divisible by 3?
c. even or divisible by 3?
d. a number divisible by 3 or divisible by 4?
4. A card is drawn at random from a standard
deck of 52 cards. What is the probability the card
is a red or a queen?
We are

BOBO

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