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General Physics Lecture 2 Scalars Vectors

The document discusses scalar and vector quantities, focusing on methods to find the resultant of vectors, including the Parallelogram Method, Polygon Method, Pythagorean Theorem, Cosine Law, and Component Method. It provides examples for each method to illustrate how to calculate the resultant of given forces. The lecture is presented by Prof. Janet Cabading Turaray.

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Abram Tapulao
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38 views19 pages

General Physics Lecture 2 Scalars Vectors

The document discusses scalar and vector quantities, focusing on methods to find the resultant of vectors, including the Parallelogram Method, Polygon Method, Pythagorean Theorem, Cosine Law, and Component Method. It provides examples for each method to illustrate how to calculate the resultant of given forces. The lecture is presented by Prof. Janet Cabading Turaray.

Uploaded by

Abram Tapulao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2

SCALAR & VECTOR QUANTITIES

Prof. Janet Cabading Turaray


A vector quantity
otherwise called
as Vector is
represented
graphically by an
arrow.
Resultant – directional sum of given vectors.

Finding the Resultant of Vectors:

A. Graphical Solution
1. Parallellogram Method
2. Polygon Method

B. Analytical Method
1. Pythagorean Theorem
2. Cosine Law
3. Component Method
PARALLELLOGRAM METHOD

Parallelogram method is a method for


finding sum or resultant of two vectors.
Example. Find the resultant of the following forcess by the
parallellogram method:
F1 = 10 N at 60˚
F2 = 7 N at 20˚
POLYGON METHOD - Tip to tail method
The polygon method is a method for finding sum or resultant of more than two
vectors. (Can be used for two vectors also).
Example 1. Find the resultant of the following forcess by the polygon
method:
F1 = 10 N at 60˚
F2 = 7 N at 20˚

Example 2. Find the resultant of the following forcess by the polygon


method:
F1 = 10 N at 60˚
F2 = 7 N at 20˚
F3 = 5 N at 90˚
1. Pythagorean Theorem
=
Get the square root of both sides of the
equation. = = ( = c
TOA tan θ = θ=
c
b

a
Opposite
Right Triangle – one angle is
SOH, CAH, TOA 90˚.
adjacent Sin θ = = c is the hypotenuse
a and b are the perpendicular
sides
Example
Find the resultant of the following forces by the
Pythagorean Theorem:
F1 = 5.7 N, East
F2 = 3.2 N, South
2. Cosine Law
β
C B
θ α C = resultant of A and B
A
Cosine Law

B2 = A2 + C2 - 2AC cos Angle (A,C)


B2 = A2 + C2 - 2AC cos θ

C2 = A2 + B2 - 2AB cos Angle (A,B)


C2 = A2 + B2 - 2AB cos α

A2 = B2 + C2 - 2BC cos Angle (B,C)


A2 = B2 + C2 - 2BC cos β
Example 1 . Find the resultant of the following forcess by the Cosine Law:
F1 = 10 N at 60˚
F2 = 7 N at 20˚

Example 2. Find the resultant of the following displacements analytically:


d1 = 2m at 40˚
d2 = 4m at 127 ˚
3. Component Method
i. Finding the component
of vector a at x-direction:
CAH ---- cos Ф =
cos Ф =
= a cos Ф

ii. Finding
SOH ---- sin Ф =
sin Ф =
= a sin Ф

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