SOLVING PROBLEMS

INVOLVING MEASURES OF
POSITION
MODULE 3
UNGROUPE
D DATA
 REVIEW:
Mendenhall and Sincich Method
Rule for :
Rule for :
The position of the
The position of the
Upper Quartile (U)
Lower Quartile (L)
should be round to the
should be round to the
nearest integer. If U
nearest integer. If L
falls halfway between
falls halfway between
two integers, round
two integers, round up.
down. The Uth
The Lth element is the
element is the upper
lower quartile value ().
quartile value ().
If it is halfway:
Media
n

𝑄2
Round Up 𝐷5 Round Down

𝑃 50
If it is not halfway, round to the nearest
integer.
 EXAMPLES:
1. The list shows the waiting time (in minutes) of a
customer before his or her call is answered.
5 8 3 1 2 9 4 10 15 12

4 12 11 8 7 6 12 14 15 6
a. What waiting time is at the 3rd Quartile?

b. What waiting time is at the 4th Decile?

c. What waiting time is at the 70th Percentile?

Note: Arrange the data in ascending order.

 By ascending order:

1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 8

8 9 10 11 12 12 12 14 15 15
a. What waiting time is at the 3rd Quartile?

Solutions: 𝑘= 3𝑛 =20
𝑘
𝑄 𝑘= ( 𝑛+1 )
4
3
𝑄 3= ( 20 +1 )
4

𝑄 3 =15.75

By Mendenhall, the third quartile is the 16th position

which is 12 minutes.
b. What waiting time is at the 4th Decile?

Solutions: 𝑘= 4 𝑛 =20
𝑘
𝐷 𝑘= ( 𝑛+1 )
10
4
𝐷 4= ( 20 +1 )
10

𝐷 4 = 8.4

By Mendenhall, the fourth decile is the 8th position which

is 6 minutes.
c. What waiting time is at the 70th Percentile?

Solutions: 𝑘=70 𝑛 =20

𝑘
𝑃 𝑘= ( 𝑛+1 )
100
70
𝑃 70 = ( 20+1 )
100

𝑃 70 =14.7

By Mendenhall, the 70th percentile is the 15th position

which is 12 minutes.
 EXAMPLES:
2. The height (in cm) of twelve students were measured as
follows:
Maria Bea Cathy Peter Paolo Carlo Nena Ray Juan Leah Janet John

148 157 152 166 164 161 150 160 165 159 140 155

a. What height is the median?

b. What height is at the 8th Decile?

c. What height is at the 35th Percentile?

d. Determine the Percentile Rank of Carlo’s height.

 By ascending order:

Janet Maria Nena Cathy John Bea Leah Ray Carlo Paolo Juan Peter

140 148 150 152 155 157 159 160 161 164 165 166
a. What height is the median?

Solutions: Get the average height of Bea and

Leah.
157 +159
𝑀 𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 =
2

𝑀 𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 =158

The median height is 158 cm.

b. What height is at the 8th Decile?

Solutions: 𝑘= 8𝑛 =12
𝑘
𝐷 𝑘= ( 𝑛+1 )
10
8
𝐷 8= ( 12+1 )
10

𝐷 8 =10.4

By Mendenhall, the 8th decile is the 10th position which is

164 cm (Paolo’s height).
c. What height is at the 35th Percentile?

Solutions: 𝑘= 35𝑛 =12

𝑘
𝑃 𝑘= ( 𝑛+1 )
100
35
𝑃 35 = ( 12+1 )
100

𝑃 35 = 4.55

By Mendenhall, the 35th percentile is the 5th position

which is 155 cm (John’s height).
d. Determine the Percentile Rank of Carlo’s height.

Solutions:𝑛 =12
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑥=8

𝒏𝒐 . 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒙
𝑷𝑹 𝒐𝒇 𝒙= (𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝒏

𝟖
¿ (𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝟏𝟐
𝑷𝑹𝒐𝒇 𝒙=𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕

Therefore, the percentile rank of Carlo’s height is 66. 67%.

 EXAMPLES:
3. Forty-five out of 400 students have scores lower than
Dena’s score. What is the percentile rank of her score?
Solutions: 𝑛=400 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑥=45
𝒏𝒐 . 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒙
𝑷𝑹 𝒐𝒇 𝒙= (𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝒏
𝟒𝟓
¿ (𝟏𝟎𝟎 )
𝟒𝟎𝟎

𝑷𝑹𝒐𝒇 𝒙=𝟏𝟏.𝟐𝟓
Therefore, Dena’s percentile rank is 11.25%.
GROUPED
DATA
 Frequency Distribution Table
Minutes Less than More than
f Class Boundary CF CF
late
<cf >cf
1 – 15 45 0.5 15.5 45 160
16 – 30 30 15.5 30.5 75 115
31 – 45 26 30.5 45.5 101 85
46 – 60 20 45.5 60.5 121 59
61 – 75 16 60.5 75.5 137 39
76 – 90 10 75.5 90.5 147 23
91 – 105 8 90.5 105.5 155 13
106 – 120 5 105.5 120.5 160 5

𝒊=𝟏𝟓 𝒏=𝟏𝟔𝟎
Lower
Upper Class Limit Upper Boundary
Boundary
Lower Class Limit
 Frequency Distribution Table

Scores f Class Boundary <cf >cf

46 – 50 4 45.5 50.5 5 4
0
41 – 45 8 40.5 45.5 4 1
36 – 40 11 6 2
35.5 40.5 3 2
31 – 35 9 30.5 8
2 3
3
35.5
7 2
26 – 30 12 25.5 30.5 1 4
21 – 25 6 8 4
20.5 25.5 6 5
0
𝒊=𝟓 𝒏=𝟓𝟎
EXAMPLES:
1. An airplane has the following record of delayed flights in
November 2014.
Lower
Minutes
f Boundar
late Solve for the following:
y <cf
106 – 120 5 105.5 160
91 – 105 8 90.5 155 a. Upper Quartile
76 – 90 10 75.5 147
61 – 75 16 60.5 137 b. 6th Decile
46 – 60 20 45.5 121
31 – 45 26 30.5 101 c. 90th Percentile
16 – 30 30 15.5 75
1 – 15 45 0.5 45
a. Upper Quartile
Solutions: 𝑖 =15 𝑛=160 𝑘= 3

𝑘𝑁 3(160)
4
¿
4
¿ 120

𝑐 𝑓 𝑏=101
𝑓 𝑘 = 20 𝑸 𝟑=𝟓𝟗 . 𝟕𝟓

Therefore, 75% of delayed flight are less

than or equal to 59.75 minutes late.
b. 6th Decile
Solutions: 𝑖 =15 𝑛=160 𝑘= 6

𝑘𝑁 6( 160)
10
¿
10
¿ 96

𝑐 𝑓 𝑏=75
𝑓 𝑘 = 26 .62

Therefore, 60% of delayed flight are less

than or equal to 42.62 minutes late.
1. 80th Percentile
Solutions: 𝑖 =3 𝑛=41 𝑘= 80

𝑘𝑁 80( 41)
100
¿
100
¿ 32.8

𝑐 𝑓 𝑏=24
𝑓 𝑘 =9 𝑷 𝟖𝟎=𝟐𝟓 . 𝟒𝟑

Therefore, 90% of delayed flight are less

than or equal to 86 minutes late.
 EXAMPLES:
2. Mathematics 10 test scores of 50 students.

Lower
Scores f Bounda <cf Solve for the following:
ry
46 – 50 4 45.5 50
a. Lower Quartile
41 – 45 8 40.5 46
36 – 40 11 35.5 38 b. 7th Decile
31 – 35 9 30.5 27
26 – 30 12 25.5 18 c. 85th Percentile
21 – 25 6 20.5 6
a. Lower Quartile
Solutions: 𝑖 =5 𝑛=50 𝑘=1

𝑘𝑁 1(50)
4
¿
4
¿ 12.5

𝑐 𝑓 𝑏=6
𝑓 𝑘 = 12 𝑸 𝟏=𝟐𝟖 . 𝟐𝟏

Therefore, 25% of the students have a

score less than or equal to 28.21.
b. 7th Decile
Solutions: 𝑖 =5 𝑛=50 𝑘=7

𝑘𝑁 7(50)
10
¿
10
¿ 35

𝑐 𝑓 𝑏=27
𝑓 𝑘 = 11 𝑫 𝟕=𝟑𝟗 . 𝟏𝟒

Therefore, 70% of the students have a

score less than or equal to 39.14.
c. 85th Percentile
Solutions: 𝑖 =5 𝑛=50 𝑘= 85

𝑘𝑁 85( 50)
100
¿
100
¿ 42.5

𝑐 𝑓 𝑏=38
𝑓 𝑘 =8 𝑷 𝟖𝟓=𝟒𝟑 . 𝟑𝟏

Therefore, 85% of the students have a

score less than or equal to 43.31.
PERCENTILE RANK

-is particularly useful in relating

individual score to their position in the
entire group. Also, percentile rank is
typically defined as the proportion of
scores in a distribution that a specific
score is greater than or equal to.
Formula
:
𝑃 𝑃𝑅 =
𝑁 𝑖 [
100 ( 𝑃 − 𝐿𝐵 ) 𝑓 𝑝
+ 𝑐𝑓 𝑝 ]
Where:
= percentile rank, the answer will be a percentage
= total frequency
= raw score or value for which one wants to find a PR
= lower boundary of the kth percentile class
= frequency of the kth percentile class
= cumulative frequency of all the values below the
critical value
= size of the class interval
 EXAMPLES:
Data: Mathematics 10 test scores of 50 students.
1. Find the Percentile Rank of Ben if he got a score of 38.
Lower
Scores f Bounda <cf = 50
ry
= 38
46 – 50 4 45.5 50
41 – 45 8 40.5 46 = 35.5
36 – 40 11 35.5 38 = 11
31 – 35 9 30.5 27
= 27
26 – 30 12 25.5 18
=5
21 – 25 6 20.5 6
Solution:

𝑃 𝑃𝑅 =
𝑁 [
100 ( 𝑃 − 𝐿𝐵 ) 𝑓 𝑝
𝑖
+ 𝑐𝑓 𝑝 ]
¿
50 [
100 ( 38 − 35.5 ) 11
5
+27
]
𝑷 𝑷𝑹 =𝟔𝟓

Therefore, Ben’s Percentile Rank is 65%. It means that

he scored higher than 65% of the class who took the
test. He belongs to the upper 35% of the class who took
the test.
 EXAMPLES:
Data: Mathematics 10 test scores of 50 students.
2. Find the Percentile Rank of Ana if she got a score of 27.
Lower
Scores f Bounda <cf = 50
ry
= 27
46 – 50 4 45.5 50
41 – 45 8 40.5 46 = 25.5
36 – 40 11 35.5 38 = 12
31 – 35 9 30.5 27
=6
26 – 30 12 25.5 18
=5
21 – 25 6 20.5 6
Solution:

𝑃 𝑃𝑅 =
𝑁 [
100 ( 𝑃 − 𝐿𝐵 ) 𝑓 𝑝
𝑖
+ 𝑐𝑓 𝑝 ]
¿
50 [
100 ( 27 − 25.5 ) 12
5
+6
]
𝑷 𝑷𝑹 =𝟏𝟗 . 𝟐

Therefore, Ana’s Percentile Rank is 19.2%. It means

that she scored higher than 19.2% of the class who took
the test. So, 80.8% of the class who took the test got
higher score than Ana.
 EXAMPLES:
Data: Mathematics 10 test scores of 50 students.
3. Find the Percentile Rank of Rico if he got a score of 44.
Lower
Scores f Bounda <cf = 50
ry
= 44
46 – 50 4 45.5 50
41 – 45 8 40.5 46 = 40.5
36 – 40 11 35.5 38 =8
31 – 35 9 30.5 27
= 38
26 – 30 12 25.5 18
=5
21 – 25 6 20.5 6
Solution:

𝑃 𝑃𝑅 =
𝑁 [
100 ( 𝑃 − 𝐿𝐵 ) 𝑓 𝑝
𝑖
+ 𝑐𝑓 𝑝 ]
¿
50 [
100 ( 44 − 40.5 ) 8
5
+ 38
]
𝑷 𝑷𝑹 =𝟖𝟕 . 𝟐

Therefore, Rico’s Percentile Rank is 87.2%. It means

that he scored higher than 87.2% of the class who took
the test. So, he belongs to the upper 12.8% of the class
who took the test.