Scribd
Upload
11 views25 pages

SIR Lect2

Uploaded by

anikeit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views25 pages

SIR Lect2

Uploaded by

anikeit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Lecture 2

Mobile computing
Effects of device portability
Power consumption
• limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to limited battery
capacity
• CPU: power consumption ~ CV2f
• C: internal capacity, reduced by integration
• V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit
• f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally
Loss of data
• higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design (e.g., defects,
theft)

Limited user interfaces


• compromise between size of fingers and portability
• integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols

Limited memory
• limited value of mass memories with moving parts
• flash-memory or ? as alternative
Wireless networks in comparison to fixed networks

Higher loss-rates due to interference


• emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning

Restrictive regulations of frequencies


• frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied

Low transmission rates


• local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS

Higher delays, higher jitter


• connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems

Lower security, simpler active attacking


• radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones

Always shared medium


• secure access mechanisms important
Evolution of Mobile communication
10-year cycle between generations
Worldwide wireless subscribers (old prediction 1998)

700

600

500
Americas
400 Europe
Japan
300 others
total
200

100

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Mobile Data traffic growth Prediction

35
Chart Title

30

25

Exabyte/Month
20

15

10

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Year
Mobile statistics snapshot (09/2002 / 12/2004)

#1 Mobile
Total Country
Global MobileChina
Users(139M / 300m)
#1 GSM /Country
869M 1.52bn China (99m)
#1 SMS
Total Country Users
Analogue Philipines
71M / 34m
#1 Handset
Total Vendor
US Mobile 2Q02
users Nokia/ (37.2%)
145M 140m
#1 Network
Total GlobalInGSM
Africa Vodacom
users 680M(6.6m)
/ 1.25T
#1 Network In Asia Unicom (153m)
Total Global CDMA Users 127M / 202m
#1 Network In Japan DoCoMo
Total TDMA users 84M / 120m
#1 Network In Europe T-Mobile (22m / 28m)
Total European users 283M / 343m
#1 In Infrastructure Ericsson
Total African users 18.5M / 53m
SMS Sent Globally 1Q02 60T / 135bn
Total 3G users 130M / 130m(?)
SMS sent in UK 6/02 1.3T / 2.1bn
Total South African users 13.2m / 19m
SMS sent Germany 1Q02 5.7T
European Prepaid Penetration 63%
GSM Countries on Air 171 / 210
European Mobilemembers
GSM Association Penetration
574 /70.2%
839
Global Phone
Total Cost of 3GShipments
Licenses in2001 393m
Europe 110T€
Global Phone Sales
SMS/month/user 36 2Q02 96.7m
Areas of research in mobile communication
Wireless Communication
• transmission quality (bandwidth, error rate, delay)
• modulation, coding, interference
• media access, regulations
• ...

Mobility
• location dependent services
• location transparency
• quality of service support (delay, jitter, security)
• ...

Portability
• power consumption
• limited computing power, sizes of display, ...
• usability
• ...

Next Generation Networks


Simple reference model used here

Application Application
Transport Transport

Network Network Network Network

Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link

Physical Physical Physical Physical

Radio Medium
Influence of mobile communication to the layer model
• service location
Application layer • new applications, multimedia
• adaptive applications
Transport layer • congestion and flow control
• quality of service
• addressing, routing,
Network layer device location
• hand-over
Data link layer • authentication
• media access
• multiplexing
• media access control
Physical layer • encryption
• modulation
• interference
• attenuation
• frequency
Overlay Networks - the global goal
integration of heterogeneous fixed and
mobile networks with varying
transmission characteristics

regional

vertical
handover
metropolitan area

campus-based horizontal
handover

in-house
Wireless Channel Model

• AWGN Channel =

• =transmitted signal
• = AWGN
• Fading Channel =
• Fading + ISI Channel =

• ISI=

• Fading + Interference =

• Interference =

You might also like