PRESENTATION
ON
DB LANGUAGES
Sql and its commands
Presented by:
Prateek
Sharma
04790302012
SQL : Structured Query
Language
• SQL is a language that
provides an interface to
relational data base system.
• It was developed by IBM in
the 1970’s.
Features of SQL
It is an English like language.
It is Non-Procedural language.
It is used by various users
including those who have little
programming experience.
Components of SQL
1. DDL(Data Definition
Language)
2. DML(Data Manipulation
Language)
3. DCL(Data Control Language)
4. DQL(Data Query Language)
DDL
It consists of a set of command
that are used to create, modify
and delete the data base
structure but not data.
These commands are used by a
Data Base Designer or an
application Developer.
Commands under DDL:
• Create: It is used to create the
objects in the data base.
• Alter: It is used to modify the
structure of the data.
• Drop: It is used to delete the
object from data base.
• Truncate: It is used to remove
all the records from a table
including space that is allocated
for the records.
DML
It consists of those commands that
allows changing the data within the
data base.
Commands under DML
• Insert: It is used to insert the
data in a table.
• Update: It is used to update
the existing data within a
table.
• Delete: It is used to delete
the records from the table but
the space for the record which
is allocated remains as it is.
DCL
It is the component of SQL statement
that controls the access to the data and
to the data base.
Commands under DCL
• Commit: It is used to save the
work.
• Rollback: It is used to restore
the database to the original state
since the last commit.
• Grant(Revoke): It is used to
identify grant or take back the
permission to or from the user.
• Save Point: It is used to identify
or point in a transaction to which
DQL
It is the component of SQL statement
that allow getting the data from
database.
Command under DQL
• Select: It is used to get the data from
the data base.