Scribd
Upload
15 views29 pages

Lecture-05 Punctuation

Uploaded by

Naqib Sultani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views29 pages

Lecture-05 Punctuation

Uploaded by

Naqib Sultani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Developed

by
Safiullah Academic Writing
Shinwari
Developed
by
Safiullah Introduction to Punctuation
Shinwari
Punctuation Marks

Period Exclamation Mark

Question Mark Quotations

Comma Colons & Semi Colons

Parenthesis & Brackets


Punctuation Marks

Comma

Exclamation Mark Quotations


What is Comma?

A comma is a punctuation mark used for different


purposes, such as separation of parts, setting apart the
words in a general series and so on within a sentence,
thus a comma always shows flow of meaning of
sentence not the end of the sentence whereas a full stop
(period) shows the completion or end of the sentence.
Comma is used for…

• Show flow-of-meaning
• Set off parts in a sentence
• Clarify the aimed or targeted meaning of a sentence
• Cause a slight pause in reading or speaking
Examples

• Ali my brother has gotten married.

• Ali, my brother has gotten married.

• Ali, my brother, has gotten married.


Rule # 01

Use commas to separate items in a series.


e.g
.

I still need to take a test, write an essay and check out a book.
I dislike spinach, broccoli and cauliflower.
Please buy apples, oranges and bananas.
Rule # 02

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun.


e.g
.

Abraham Lincoln was a noble, compassionate and wise leader.

Note: Do not put comma between adjectives of size, age,


shape, and color:

e.g
.
She wore a long blue wool scarf.
Rule # 03

Use a comma before coordinating conjunctions when they join


independent clauses.
Note:for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

e.g
.

My friend invited me to a party, but I don’t want to go.


yesterday I was sick, so I did not come to class.
Rule # 04

Note: do not use a comma before conjunction that joins compound


predicate or compound subject because this sentence is simple
not compound:
Our school never wins the championship, but has a loser party
every year. ( incorrect, compound predicate.)
e.g
. Our school never wins the championship but has a loser party
every year.
Both experience, and adequate training are important. (incorrect,
compound subject)
Both experience and adequate training are important.
Rule # 05

Use comma after dependent clause beginning a sentence.

When we had finished eating, our parents cleaned the dishes.

Dependent Clause Independent Clause

e.g I was reading a book when Zaid came to class. ( no comma)


.
Rule # 06

Use a comma after certain introductory words such as first, yes,


no and so on.

Yes, Hemmingway is my favorite author.


Definitely, we are going to learn English.
e.g
. No, we are not careful about punctuation.
Indeed, I was really happy about it.
Rule # 07

Use a comma after an introductory prepositional phrase.

After the football game, we will go out for dinner


With due respect, check your files again.
e.g
. In our house, nobody can live alone.
Before class, I was playing cards.
Rule # 08

Use commas to set off appositives and appositive phrases.

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right


beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words. Look
at these examples:
The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.
e.g
. The insect, a large cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.
The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling across the
kitchen table.
Rule # 09

Use commas to set off words in direct address.

Your essay, Tom, was well organized.


Mr. president, be careful.
e.g
. Students, you are requested to come on time.
You are short of money, Ferry.
Rule # 10

Use commas to separate items in dates and addresses.

e.g
.
On Friday, June 10, 2005, my niece Sonia was born.
11th street, Park Road, house # 2
June 10, 2010
Rule # 11

Use a comma to clarify large numbers. Counting from right to


left, a comma is needed after every 3rd digits. This rule does not
apply to years, where no commas are used at all.
e.g
.

In 1998, the population of Afghanistan was 23,899.


Exclamation Mark

!!!!!!!!
Rule #01

Use an exclamation point to show strong feelings and indicate a


forceful command.

What a great movie that was!


e.g
How lovely you look!
.
Don’t you dare go without me! (command)
Look out! (command)
Rule #02

Emphatic Interjection:
Use the exclamation point after emphatic interjections such as ah, gosh, ha,
hello, no, oh, yes, and so on.
All these interjections can be expressed with great or little emphasis,
depending on the feelings of the speaker or writer
A. when little emphasis is intended, period is appropriate.
e.g Oh. I didn’t know you wanted me to call you.
.
Rule #02

B. when this interjection is intended to be the part of the


sentence with little emphasis, comma is the right point.
e.g
Oh, I didn’t know you wanted me to call you.
.

C. when an interjection is intended to show great


emphasis, an exclamation point is used.
Rule #02

e.g
.
Oh! I didn’t know you wanted me to call
you.
No! No! I will never go!
Hello! I am so happy you called!
Hello! I am so happy you called.
Rule #03

Use an exclamation mark after a sentence containing how and what


as exclamation words.
e.g
What a .beautiful
child!
How I suffered!
Use exclamation point after curses and blessings.
Damn e.g
you!
Wishing. you longevity!
Use this point
e.g
after accusations.
You cowardly
. thief!
Rule #04

Forceful commands
An exclamation point is used after forceful commands to convey
urgency.

e.g
.
Follow that car!
Put down your gun!
Quotation Mark

Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote.

She said, “I am very intelligent.”


e.g.
"I think my leg is broken," Jesse whimpered.
Quotation Mark

Put quotation marks around the titles of short works, such as


articles, songs, short stories, or poems.
e.g
.

Have you heard the song "Love Me Tender," by Elvis Presley?


Quotation Mark

Place quotation marks around words, letters, or symbols that are


slang or being discussed or used in a special way. (Underlining can
be used for the same purpose.)

e.g
.
I have a hard time spelling "miscellaneous."
I have a hard time spelling miscellaneous.
Any question?

Thank you!

You might also like