DATA POROCESSING,ACQUIRING &
INTERPRETING
Types of data
Artificial Intelligence is crucial, with data serving as its foundation.
We come across different types of information every day. Some
common types of data include
Example of Data Science
Numeric Data is further classified as:
● Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. E.g., height,
weight, temperature, voltage
● Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and
cannot be fractional
E.g. the number of students in the class – it can only be a
whole number, not in decimals
Data Acquisition/Acquiring Data
Data Acquisition, also known as acquiring data, refers to the
procedure of gathering data. This involves
searching for datasets suitable for training AI models. The process
typically comprises three key steps:
We can search and collect data
from the
Various sources. This process is
called data discovery
Data augmentation means
increasing the amount of data
by adding copies of existing data
with small changes
Recorded data is stored in
a computer in a
suitable form
Sources of Data
Primary Data Sources — Some of the sources for primary data
include surveys, interviews,experiments, etc. The data
generated from the experiment is an example of primary data.
Secondary Data Sources—Secondary data collection obtains
information from external sources,rather than generating it
personally. Some sources for secondary data collection
include:
Features of Data and Data Preprocessing
Usability of Data
There are three primary factors determining the
usability of data:
1. Structure- Defines how data is stored.
2. Cleanliness- Clean data is free from duplicates, missing
values, outliers, and other anomalies that
may affect its reliability and usefulness for analysis.
3. Accuracy- Accuracy indicates how well the data matches
real-world values, ensuring reliability.
Accurate data closely reflects actual values without errors,
enhancing the quality and trustworthiness
of the dataset.
Data Processing and Data Interpretation
Data processing and interpretation have become very
important in today’s world
Relates to
Data Operating on data to produce
Processing meaningful information
Relates to
Analysing data to arrive at
meaningful decisions
Data Acquire
is the process of gathering data from various sources
Data Processing
Data processing helps computers understand raw data.
Use of computers to perform different operations on data is included
under data processing.
Data Interpretation
It is the process of making sense out of data that has been
The interpretation of data helps us answer critical questions using
data.
Data Analysis – Data analysis is to examine each component of the
data in order to draw conclusions.
Data Presentation- In this step, you select, organize, and group
ideas and evidence in a logical way.
Acquire Process Analyse Interpret Present
Methods of Data Interpretation
How to interpret Data?
Based on the two types of data, there are two ways to interpret data-
Quantitative Data Interpretation
Qualitative Data Interpretation
Quantitative Data
Interpretation
Data Interpretation methods
Qualitative Data
Interpretation
Qualitative Data Interpretation
Qualitative data tells us about the emotions and feelings of people
Qualitative data interpretation is focused on insights and motivations of
people .
Data collection methods
Record keeping
Observation
Case Studies
Focus groups
One-to-One Interviews
5 Steps to Qualitative Data Analysis
Collect Data
Organize
Set a code to the Data Collected
Analyze your data
Reporting
Quantitative Data Interpretation
Quantitative data interpretation is made on numerical data
It helps us answer questions like “when,” “how many,” and “how often”
For example – (how many) numbers of likes on the Instagram post
Interviews: Quantitative interviews play a key role in collecting information.
Polls: A poll is a type of survey that asks simple questions to respondents. Polls are usually limited to one
question.
Observations: Quantitative data can be collected through observations in a particular time period
Longitudinal Studies: A type of study conducted over a long time
Survey: Surveys can be conducted for a large number of people to collect quantitative data.
4 Steps to Quantitative Data Analysis
Relate measurement scales with variables
Connect descriptive statistics with data
Decide a measurement scale
Represent data in an appropriate format
Types of Data Interpretation
There are three ways in which data can be presented:
Textual DI
The data is mentioned in the text form, usually in a paragraph.
Used when the data is not large and can be easily comprehended by reading.
Textual presentation is not suitable for large data.
Tabular DI
Data is represented systematically in the form of rows and columns.
Title of the Table (Item of Expenditure) contains the description of the table content.
Column Headings (Year; Salary; Fuel and Transport; Bonus; Interest on Loans; Taxes)
contains the description of information contained in columns.
Graphical DI
Data is represented systematically in the form of graphs
Importance of Data Interpretation
A decision is good only as good as the
Informed decision
knowledge it is based on
making
Reduced cost Identifying needs can reduction on cost
We can Identifying needs of the people by
Identifying needs
data interpretation
