General Mathematics – First Quarter Specialized Subject

Senior High School – Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Chapter 1:
Functions and their
Graphs
Prepared by Roy O.
Lamoste
 Topic 1:
Relations and Functions

Topic Outline:
• Differentiate relation and function.
• Represent function in different
ways: table, ordered pairs, mapping
diagram, graph, and equation.
• Represent real-life functions.
 Lesson Proper
A relation is any set of ordered
pairs. The set of all first elements
of the ordered pairs is called the
domain of the relation, and the
set of all second elements is
called the range.
Example: {(-2,1), (-1, 3), (0,5), (1,7),
(2,9)}
 Lesson Proper
Find the domain and range of the given
relation.
{(1,-1), (2,-3), (0,5), (-1,3), (4,-5), (-1,5),
(4,-4)}
Domain:{-1, 1, 2, 0,
4}
Range:{-5, -4, -3, -1,
3, 5}
 Lesson Proper
A function is a set of ordered
pairs for which every x-value
must be associated to only one y-
value.
f = {(1, 2),(2, 2),(3, 5),(4, 5)} Function
g = {(1, 3),(1, 4),(2, 5),(2, 6),(3, 7)} Not a Function
h = {(-1, 3),(1, 6),(3, 9), (5, 12) Function
 Lesson Proper
Functions can be represented in
different ways:
• Ordered Pairs
• Table
• Mapping Diagram
• Graph
• Equation
 Lesson Proper
Functions and relations as a set of
ordered pairs
Example 1: Which of the following relations are
functions?

f = {(1, 2),(2, 2),(3, 5),(4, 5)} Function

g = {(1, 3),(1, 4),(2, 5),(2, 6),(3, 7)}Not a Function
h = {(-1, 3),(1, 6),(3, 9), (5, 12) Function
 Lesson Proper
Functions and relations as a table of
values
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 3 4 5 6 7 Function

x -1 -1 0 1 2
Not a
y 5 10 15 20 25 Function
 Lesson Proper
Functions and relations as a mapping
diagram
EXAMPLE 3. Which of the following mapping
diagrams represent functions?

Function Function Not a Function

 Lesson Proper
Functions and relations as a graph

Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line
intersects the graph at most once.
 Lesson Proper
Functions and relations as a graph

Function Not a Function Function

 Lesson Proper
Functions and relations as a graph

Function Not a Function

Practice Exercises
 Lesson Proper
Functions in Real Life
1. Circumference of a Circle:
A circle’s circumference (C) is a function of its
diameter (d) or C(d).
2. Shadow:
The length (L) of person’s shadow along the floor
is a function of their height (h) or L(h).
3. Driving a Car:
When driving a car, your location (D) is a
function of time (t) or D(t).
 Lesson Proper

4. Temperature:
Based on a variety of inputs, or factors,
(F) we get a certain temperature (t) or
F(t).
5. Money:
The amount (A) of money you have is a
function of the time (t) spent earning it
or A(t
Practice Exercises
Practice Exercises
Practice Exercises
Practice Exercises
Practice Exercises
 Topic 1: (Cont.)
Relations and Functions

Topic Outline:
• Differentiate relation and function.
• Represent function in different
ways: table, ordered pairs, mapping
diagram, graph, and equation.
• Represent real-life functions.
 Review
Functions can be represented in
different ways:

function not a function. not a function.

 Review
Functions can be represented in
different ways:
• Ordered Pairs
• Table
• Mapping Diagram
• Graph
• Equation
 Lesson Proper
Relation

A relation shows a
relationship between two
values.
Example: {(-2,1), (-1, 3), (0,5), (1,7),
(2,9)}
 Lesson Proper
Function

A function is a relation
where each input has only
one output.
Example: {(-2,1), (-1, 3), (0,5), (1,7),
(2,9)}
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:
One-to-one
Many-to-one
•

One-to-many
•

(Many-to-many)
•
•
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:

• One-to-
one
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:

• One-to-
one
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:

• Many-to-one
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:

• Many-to-one
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:

• One-to-many
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:

• One-to-many
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:
(Summary)
 Lesson Proper
Types of Relation/Correspondence:
(Summary)

One-to-one One-to-one
Many-to- Function
Function One-to-
one
Function many
Not
Function
One-to-
many
Not
Many-to- Function
one
Function
 Lesson Proper
Function and Relation as Equation

Equation “=”
Inequality “≠”, “>”, “<”,
“≥”, “≤”
 Lesson Proper
Function and Relation as Equation
To test if an equation is a function, just
look at the exponent.
 If the exponent of y
is even, it is not a
function.
 If the exponent of y
is odd, it is a
 Lesson Proper
Function and Relation as Equation
To test if an equation is a function, just
look at the exponent.  If the exponent
function of y is even
(0,2,4,6,8), it is
not a function.
not a function.
1.) x =
 If the exponent
function

function
of y is odd
(1,3,5,7,9), it is
2.) y=-2
not a function.

a function.
function
3.) y=
 Practice
Function and Relation as Equation

function  If the
function exponent
of y is
even, it is
not a function.

function
not a
function function.
 If the
exponent
function
of y is odd,