Introduction

to Networks
Dr. Ahmed Samy
 Course Description
This course is designed for undergraduate students to
understanding network architectures and protocols to mastering IP
addressing and Ethernet fundamentals.
you'll develop foundational knowledge and build your networking
basics.

This course also includes interactive labs and real-world scenarios

to help you gain practical experience in building local area
networks (LANs), implementing network security measures, and
configuring routers and switches.
 10+ years of teaching experience

● Dr. Ahmed Samy

● Ph.D. in Computer Science

and Technology from HIT,
China.

● 10+ years of teaching

About Me
experience.
● Specialized in Networks
and Security.

● Email:
[email protected]
m
 Course Major
0 Networking Today
1
Explain the advances in Contents
modern technologies.

0 Network Protocols and

Explain
Modelshow network
2 protocols enable devices to
access local and remote
network resources
0 OSI Reference Model
Explain in details the
3 protocols and services
in each OSI layer.

0 IPv4 Addressing
Explain IPv4 format and
4 subnetting scheme.
 Course Major
0 IPv4 Addressing
5
Explain the IPv6 Contents
addressing scheme.

0 Basic Router and Switch

Explain how to configure
Configuration
6 router and switch.

0 Network Security
Explain why basic security
Fundamentals
7 measure are necessary on
network devices

0 Build a Small
Implement
Network a network
8 design for a small
network.
 01
Networking
Today
 Networks Connect us
Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on air,
water, food, and shelter. In today’s world, the Internet has had a
profound impact on our world.

Communicati Education Employment

connect on
with others Internet making it easier for The Internet has changed
regardless of location. people to access information the way we work, with
access breaking news as and learn new skills. It made many people now
it happens and share our it possible for people to take freelancing or working
thoughts. online courses in their homes. remotely.
 Networks Connect us

Financial Entertainmen Shopping

Services
The Internet has enabled We can now taccess a wide The Internet enables us to
us to easily open range of movies, music, and shop from the comfort of
accounts, make deposits games online, compete our own homes, with a vast
and withdrawals, and against others in online array of products and
access various banking gaming tournaments. services available at our
options. fingertips.
 Computer Networks

• A computer network is a system that

connects two or more computing
devices together so they can
communicate and share resources.

• These networked devices use a system

of rules, called communications
protocols, to transmit information over
physical or wireless technologies.
Network
Compone
nts
 Network Components
• Every computer on a network is called a host or
end device.

• Servers are computers that provide information

to end devices:
• Email servers
• Web servers
• File server

• Clients are computers that send requests to the

servers to retrieve information:
• Web page from a web server
• Email from an email server
 Network End Devices

• An end device is where a message

originates from or where it is received.

• Data originates with an end device, flows

through the network, and arrives at an
end device.
 Network Intermediary
•
Devices
An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include
switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls.

• Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of

an intermediary device, including:
• Regenerate and retransmit data signals.
• Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network.
• Notify other devices of errors and communication failures.
 Network Media
• Communication across a network is carried through a medium
which allows a message to travel from source to destination.

Metal wires Glass or plastic Wireless

within cables fibers within Transmission
cables
e.g. UTP Copper e.g. fiber-optic Uses modulation
Cables cable. of specific
Uses electrical Uses pulses of frequencies of
impulses. light. electromagnetic
waves.
 Computer
Network
Architecture
Client-server Architecture
In this type of computer
network, nodes may be servers
or clients.

The server is a powerful

machine or software that fulfills
client requests.

Clients may communicate with

each other, but they do not
share resources.

A client sends a request to the

server, server sends a response
back to the client, containing
the requested information or the
result of the action.
Peer-to-peer Architecture

Each device in the computer network can act as either

client or server.

Decentralization: There is no central server for

coordination.

Resource Sharing: Nodes can directly connect and

share resources with each other.

Fault Tolerance: The network can continue

functioning even if some nodes fail.

Scalability: The network can easily scale as more

peers join.

Self-Organization: Peers can join or leave the

network dynamically.
 Network
Representati
ons and
Topologies
 Network Representation
• Network representations and topologies define how devices (nodes) in a
network are interconnected and how data flows between them.

• The choice of topology affects the network's performance, scalability,

reliability, and cost.
 Topology Diagrams
Physical Topology Logical Topology

illustrate the physical location of illustrate devices, ports, and the

intermediary devices and cable addressing scheme of the
installation. network.
• .
Common
Types of
Network
 Networks of Many Sizes
Small Home Small Office/Home
Networks Office
connect a few enables computer within
computers to each a home or remote office
other and the Internet. to connect to a
corporate network.

Small Office/Home World Wide

Office Networks
many locations with many locations with
hundreds or thousands hundreds or thousands
of interconnected of interconnected
computers. computers.
 LANs and WANs

Network infrastructures vary greatly in terms of:

• Size of the area covered
• Number of users connected
• Number and types of services available
• Area of responsibility

Two most common types of networks:

• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN).
 LANs and WANs
A LAN is a network A WAN is a network
infrastructure that spans a infrastructure that spans a
small geographical area wide geographical area.

LAN WAN

Interconnect end devices in a limited area. Interconnect LANs over wide geographical
areas.
Administered by a single organization or Typically administered by one or more service
individual. providers.
Provide high-speed bandwidth to internal Typically provide slower speed links between
devices. LANs.
 The Internet

The internet is a worldwide collection

of interconnected LANs and WANs.
• LANs are connected to each other
using WANs.
• WANs may use copper wires, fiber
optic cables, and wireless
transmissions.

The internet is not owned by any

individual or group. The following
groups were developed to help
maintain structure on the internet:
• IETF
• ICANN
•
Intranets and
Extranets
● An intranet is a private collection of
LANs and WANs internal to an
organization that is meant to be
accessible only to the organizations
members or others with authorization.

● An organization might use an extranet

to provide secure access to their
network for individuals who work for a
different organization that need
access to their data on their network.
 Internet
Connections
Internet Connections
Internet Access Technology
There are many ways to connect users
and organizations to the internet:

• Popular services for home users and

small offices include broadband cable,
broadband digital subscriber line
(DSL), wireless WANs, and mobile
services.

• Organizations need faster connections

to support IP phones, video
conferencing and data center storage.
• Business-class interconnections are
usually provided by service providers
(SP) and may include: business DSL,
leased lines, and Metro Ethernet.
Home and Small Office Internet
Connections
Connection Description

Cable high bandwidth, always on, internet

offered by cable television service
providers.

DSL high bandwidth, always on, internet

connection that runs over a telephone
line.
Cellular uses a cell phone network to connect
to the internet.

Satellite major benefit to rural areas without

Internet Service Providers.

Dial-up an inexpensive, low bandwidth option

telephone using a modem.
 Businesses Internet Connections
Corporate business Type of Description
connections may require: Connection
• higher bandwidth Dedicated These are reserved circuits within the
Leased Line service provider’s network that
• dedicated connections connect distant offices with private
• managed services voice and/or data networking.

Ethernet This extends LAN access technology

WAN into the WAN.

DSL Business DSL is available in various

formats including Symmetric Digital
Subscriber Lines (SDSL).

Satellite This can provide a connection when a

wired solution is not available.
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?