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Data Presentation and Interpretation 10

The document outlines methods for summarizing and interpreting data, emphasizing the use of tables and various types of graphs to effectively present information. It provides guidance on labeling graphics, indicating data sources, and interpreting data relevance, including comparisons and potential causes. Key messages highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate visual representation for data and the role of service data in tracking progress.

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Drmirfat Alkashif
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18 views23 pages

Data Presentation and Interpretation 10

The document outlines methods for summarizing and interpreting data, emphasizing the use of tables and various types of graphs to effectively present information. It provides guidance on labeling graphics, indicating data sources, and interpreting data relevance, including comparisons and potential causes. Key messages highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate visual representation for data and the role of service data in tracking progress.

Uploaded by

Drmirfat Alkashif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data presentation &

interpretation
October 21, 2024
Learning Objectives

 Identify different ways to best summarize


data
 Choose the right table/graph for the right
data
 Interpret data to consider the programmatic
relevance
Summarizing data
 Tables
 Simplest way to summarize data
 Data are presented as absolute numbers or
percentages
 Charts and graphs
 Visual representation of data
 Data are presented as absolute numbers or
percentages
Basic guidance when
summarizing data
 Ensure graphic has a title
 Label the components of your graphic
 Indicate source of data with date
 Provide number of observations (n=xx) as a
reference point
 Add footnote if more information is needed
Tables: Frequency distribution
Set of categories with numerical counts

Year Number of births


1900 61
1901 58
1902 75
Tables: Relative frequency
number of values within an interval
x 100
total number of values in the table

Year # births (n) Relative frequency (%)


1900–1909 35 27
1910–1919 46 34
1920–1929 51 39
Total 132 100.0
Tables
Percentage of births by decade between 1900 and 1929
Year Number of births Relative frequency
(n) (%)
1900–1909 35 27
1910–1919 46 34
1920–1929 51 39
Total 132 100.0

Source: U.S. Census data, 1900–1929.


Charts and graphs
 Charts and graphs are used to portray:
 Trends, relationships, and comparisons
 The most informative are simple and self-
explanatory
Use the right type of graphic
 Charts and graphs
 Bar chart: comparisons, categories of data
 Line graph: display trends over time
 Pie chart: show percentages or proportional
share
Bar chart
Comparing categories
6

4
Site 1
3 Site 2
Site 3
2

0
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
Percentage of new enrollees tested for HIV at each
site, by quarter

6
% o f new enrollees tested

5
4
for HIV

3
2
Site 1
1
Site 2
0 Site 3
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
Q1 Jan–Mar Q2 Apr–June Q3 July–Sept
Months Q4 Oct–Dec

Data Source: Program records, AIDS Relief, January 2009 – December 2009.rce:
Quarterly Country Summary: Nigeria, 2008
Has the program met its goal?
Percentage of new enrollees tested for HIV at each site, by
quarter
60%
50%
% of new enrollees
tested for HIV

40%
30% Site 1
20% Site 2
Site 3
10% Target

0%
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4

Data Source: Program records, AIDS Relief, January 2009 – December 2009..
quarterly Country Summary: Nigeria, 2008
Line graph
Displays trends over time
Number of Clinicians Working in Each Clinic During Years 1–4*

5
Number of clinicians

4
Clinic 1
3
Clinic 2
2 Clinic 3

0
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

*Includes doctors and nurses


Line graph
Number of Clinicians Working in Each Clinic During Years 1-4*
6

5
Number of clinicians

3 Clinic 1
Clinic 2
2 Clinic 3

0
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Y4 1998
Y1 1995 Y2 1996 Y3 1997

Zambia Service Provision Assessment, 2007.

*Includes doctors and nurses


Pie chart
Contribution to the total = 100%
Percentage of All Patients Enrolled by
Quarter
8%

10%

1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
23% 59%

N=150
Interpreting data
Interpreting data
 Adding meaning to information by making
connections and comparisons and exploring
causes and consequences

Conduct
Relevance Reasons Consider
further
of finding for finding other data
research
Interpretation – relevance of finding
 Adding meaning to information by making
connections and comparisons and exploring
causes and consequences

Conduct
Relevance Reasons Consider
further
of finding for finding other data
research
Interpretation – relevance of finding
 Does the indicator meet the target?
 How far from the target is it?
 How does it compare (to other time periods,
other facilities)?
 Are there any extreme highs and lows in the
data?
Interpretation – possible causes?
• Supplement with expert opinion
• Others with knowledge of the program

Conduct
Relevance Reasons Consider
further
of finding for finding other data
research
Interpretation – consider other data

Use routine service data to clarify questions


• Calculate nurse-to-client ratio.
Use other data sources

Conduct
Relevance Reasons Consider
further
of finding for finding other data
research
Interpretation – conduct further
research
 Data gap conduct further research
 Methodology depends on questions being asked
and resources available

Conduct
Relevance Reasons Consider
further
of finding for finding other data
research
Key messages
 Use the right graph for the right data
 Tables – can display a large amount of data
 Graphs/charts – visual, easier to detect patterns
 Label the components of your graphic
 Interpreting data adds meaning by making
connections and comparisons to program
 Service data are good at tracking progress &
identifying concerns – do not show causality

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