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Sampling and Sampling Distributions

The document discusses sampling and sampling distributions, including types of random sampling and the difference between parameters and statistics. It provides examples of calculating combinations, constructing sampling distributions, and finding means and variances for both populations and samples. Additionally, it includes assignments for practical application of the concepts presented.

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marserad8
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14 views32 pages

Sampling and Sampling Distributions

The document discusses sampling and sampling distributions, including types of random sampling and the difference between parameters and statistics. It provides examples of calculating combinations, constructing sampling distributions, and finding means and variances for both populations and samples. Additionally, it includes assignments for practical application of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

marserad8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING AND SAMPLING

DISTRIBUTIONS
Last Man Standing
NAME

MEAN
MODRNA

RANDOM
BABIORPTYLI

PROBABILITY
CENARIVA

VARIANCE
CRESIDTE

DISCRETE
NATIONIBMOC

COMBINATION
Activity. Directions: Identify how many
possible combinations each item has. Scientific
Calculator is allowed.
1. How many combinations can you make when
choosing 3 books from a collection of 10 different
books?
2. Using the formula for combinations, how many
ways can you select 5 players out of a team of
12 to form a starting lineup?
3. In a class of 20 students, how many unique
groups of 4 can be formed for a project,
assuming the order of selection does not matter?
RANDOM SAMPLE
■is a subset of individuals or items selected
from a larger population in such a way that
each individual or item has an equal and
independent chance of being chosen.
■ Types of probability sampling includes the
following:
 1. Simple Random Sampling
 2. Systematic Sampling
 3. Stratified Random Sampling
 4. Cluster Sampling
PARAMETER:
■ A parameter is a summary measure computed to
describe a characteristic of an entire population,
such as the population mean or population variance.
It represents the true value of a population
attribute, which researchers aim to estimate using
data from a sample.
Here are examples of parameters:
■ Population Mean: The average height of all adults in a country is 165 cm.
■ Population Median: The middle income value (when arranged in order) of all
workers in a city is $50,000 per year.
■ Population Variance: The variability in the ages of every student in a school is
16 years².
■ Population Proportion: 60% of all voters in a country prefer a specific political
candidate.
STATISTIC:
Statistic are numbers calculated from a sample to describe
or estimate characteristics of a population, such as the
sample mean, median, mode, or variance.
■ Here are examples of statistics:
■Sample Mean: In a survey of 50 people, the average age
is calculated to be 30 years.
■Sample Median: From a sample of test scores, the middle
score (when arranged in order) is 85.
■Sample Variance: The variability of weights in a group of
10 people is calculated as 4.5 kg².
■Sample Mode: In a classroom survey of favorite fruits,
"apple" is the most frequently chosen fruit.
Example 1. Construct a sampling distribution of the
sample mean for the set of data below. Consider sample
size of 3 (without replacement).
2 4 6 8 10

■ Solution:
Step 1. Determine the number of sets of all possible random
samples that can be drawn from the given population by using
the formula,
Step 2. List all possible random
samples and solve for the mean of
each set of samples.
RANDOM SAMPLES MEAN
2, 4, 6 4
2, 4, 8 4.67
2, 4, 10 5.33
2, 6, 8 6
2, 6, 10 6.67
2, 8, 10 6
4, 6, 8 6.67
4, 6,10 6.67
4, 8, 10 7.33
6, 8, 10 8
Step 3. Construct the sampling
distribution of the sample
means.
SAMPLE MEANS (X) FREQUENCY (F) PROBABILITY P (X)
4 1 1/10=0.10
4.67 1 1/10=0.10
5.33 2 2/10=0.20
6 2 2/10=0.20
6.67 2 2/10=0.20
7.33 1 1/10=0.10
8 1 1/10=0.10
TOTAL= 6 N=10 Total= 1
Mean and Variance of the
Sampling Distribution of the
Sample Mean:
■Example 2.

Given the set of data in Illustrative Example 1,


find the mean and variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample means. Compare
these values to the mean and variance of the
given population.
Step 5. Construct the sampling
distribution of the sample
means.
SAMPLE MEANS (X) FREQUENCY (F) PROBABILITY P (X)
4 1 1/10=0.10
4.67 1 1/10=0.10
5.33 2 2/10=0.20
6 2 2/10=0.20
6.67 2 2/10=0.20
7.33 1 1/10=0.10
8 1 1/10=0.10
TOTAL= 6 N=10 Total= 1
Step 6. Compute the mean of the
sampling distribution of the sample
means (µx)
SAMPLE MEANS (X) PROBABILITY P (X) X * P(X)
4 1/10=0.10 0.40
4.67 1/10=0.10 0.467
5.33 2/10=0.20 1.066
6 2/10=0.20 1.20
6.67 2/10=0.20 1.334
7.33 1/10=0.10 0.733
8 1/10=0.10 0.80
TOTAL= 6 Total= 1
Step 6. Compute the variance of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Sample Means Probability (X-µ) (X-µ)² P(X)*(X-µ)²
P(X)
4 0.10 -2 4 0.4
4.67 0.10 -1.33 1.7689 0.1789
5.33 0.20 -0.67 0.4489 0.08978
6 0.20 0 0 0
6.67 0.20 0.67 0.4489 0.08978
7.33 0.10 1.33 1.7689 0.1789
8 0.10 2 4 0.4
TOTAL= 6 TOTAL= 1.00
■ANOTHER EXAMPLE
Consider all samples of size 5 drawn without replacement from
this population: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14. Follow the steps below
to find the mean
and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Direction: Find the mean and variance
of the sampling distribution.

1. A group of six students has Mathematics


grades of 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95. Suppose that
4 students are drawn without replacement as
samples.
a.Find the mean and variance of the population.
 A random sample of size n from a population is a set of n
elements from the population.
 A statistic is a number calculated from a sample. Like the
sample mean, sample median, sample standard deviation
and so on.
 A parameter is a number calculated from a population. Like
a population mean, population median, population
standard deviation and so on.
 A Sampling distribution of a statistic is simply the
probability distribution of a statistics as it behaves over
Determine the mean and variance of the following sampling
distribution.

1. A small company records the monthly sales in dollars for


8 consecutive months. Suppose 3 months are selected at
random (without replacement) to form a sample.
Data: 50, 60, 65, 70, 72, 75, 80, 85
a.Find the mean and variance of the population.
b. Construct a sampling distribution of the sample means
for samples of size 3.
c.Find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution
of the sample mean.
ASSIGNMENT
1. A small team of 8 employees at a company records their weekly working hours
over 8 weeks. The weekly working hours are as follows:

Data: 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52

Suppose 3 employees are selected randomly (without replacement) for each


sample.

Questions:

■ a. Find the mean and variance of the population of weekly working hours.

■ b. Construct a sampling distribution of the sample means for samples of size 3


(without replacement).

■ c. Find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

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