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INDUCTORS
02/04/2025 Inductors Inductor is a coil wound on a suitable core. Opposes sudden change in flow of current in a circuit. When current flows through a coil it generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field reacts so as to oppose any change in the current. The reaction of the magnetic field trying to keep the current flow at a steady rate is called inductance. L=µN2A/l µ-Permeability of the medium N-Number of turns of the coil A- Area of cross section of the coil l- Length of the coil
02/04/2025 Inductors Inductors are classified into: Fixed Inductors Variable Inductors
Fixed inductors
Variable inductors 02/04/2025 Inductors FIXED INDUCTORS: Fixed inductors are those inductors whose inductance value cannot be changed. Thy are energy storage elements. It consists of a conducting wire wound on a core. Based on the type of core material used fixed inductors can be classified as: Air core inductors Iron core inductors and Ferrite core inductors.
Uses - in transformers, in chokes, filter circuits, tuning circuits, inductive proximity sensors , SMPS, voltage regulators and also for over voltage protection. - Variable inductors are used in auto transformers, oscillators for frequency variation, in transducers for measurement of force, vibration, displacement etc.
02/04/2025 Air Core Incuctors: This type of inductor is made by winding a thin copper wire over a former made of thick card board. Then the cardboard is pulled out. It has low value of inductance.
02/04/2025 Iron Core Inductors: In iron core inductor copper wire is wound on laminated iron core. Laminated iron core is used to avoid the eddy current losses. Laminated core consists of thin iron sheets.
Powdered Iron Core Inductors:
They are used in high frequency applications. They have low core losses at any given frequency and low permeability.
02/04/2025 Ferrite Core Inductor: In this type, conducting wire is wound on a solenoid core made of ferromagnetic material called ferrite. It has high magnetic permeability and low electrical conductivity. Used -as ferrite rod antenna for medium wave (MW) receivers - for power transformers working in low frequency range(1-200kHz). - in switching circuits
02/04/2025 VARIABLE INDUCTORS In variable inductors the inductance value can be varied. The most common type of variable inductor is one with a movable ferromagnetic core, which can moved in and out of the coil. Moving the core deeper into the coil increases the permeability, increasing the magnetic field and the inductance. Many inductors used in radio applications (usually less than 100 MHz) use adjustable cores in order to tune such inductors to their desired value.
02/04/2025 Variable Inductors - construction
Reluctance is varied by using a Reluctance is varied by using a ferrite
threaded screw cup that can be screwed up or down a that can be screwed up or down polymer cover, within which a coil is pushing it through the former. wound on a drum.
02/04/2025 Torroidal core inductor These type of inductors have a torroidal core which is a circular ring or donut shaped core. The core made of ferromagnetic material. Advantage: • The magnetic field is contained within the core & there is very low magnetic flux leakage. • This increases the inductance of the torroidal core inductor, higher than the rod or bar shaped inductors of the same material.
02/04/2025 Thin Film Inductor These inductors are designed on a substrate of thin ferrite or magnetic material. A conductive spiral shaped trace of copper is placed on the top of the substrate. The design allows stability and resistance to vibrations. Due to its high accuracy, performance & compact size it is used in mobile communication devices, wireless networks and power supplies.
02/04/2025 Specifications of inductors Inductance -Value of an inductor expressed in Henry. Current rating -Maximum current the inductor can carry. If the current exceeds its capacity, the coil may burn out. Frequency range -The range of frequencies over which the inductor can be used. Loss factor - Reciprocal of the quality factor and indicates the losses across the winding resistance of the coil.
02/04/2025 Previous questions 1. What are the specifications of an inductor? 2. Write note on different types of inductors. 3. Mention the applications of inductors.
