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Unit 1 Objectives and Functions

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Uthaya Kumar
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Unit 1 Objectives and Functions

Uploaded by

Uthaya Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS

OBJECTIVES
An operating system (OS) is the computer's manager. It is responsible for overseeing numerous
processes, ensuring that everything goes well, and providing a user-friendly environment for
interaction.
Resource Management

One of the primary goals of an operating system is resource


management. It entails the effective allocation and
management of hardware resources in a computer system.

The central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage


devices (hard drives or SSDs), and other input/output (I/O)
devices such as keyboards, mouse, printers, and network
interfaces are examples of these resources.

Resource management is critical for guaranteeing that numerous


processes and applications may operate concurrently without
conflict.
Storage Device Management
File Systems:
• The operating system includes a file
system that organizes data on storage
devices (such as hard drives or SSDs)
into files and directories.
• It enables users and applications
to efficiently store, retrieve, and
organize data.
Device Management
Device Drivers:
• Device drivers are software components that allow the
operating system to interact with hardware devices such as
graphics cards, sound cards, and network interface cards.
• Device driver management guarantees that the operating
system correctly recognizes and uses hardware devices.
• It also prevents driver and hardware resource conflicts, ensuring
that the device operates reliably.
Resource Reservation:
• When possible, efficient resource management includes conserving
power. When the machine is idle, modern computers frequently
incorporate power-saving functions that reduce resource
consumption.
• It not only increases laptop battery life but also contributes to energy
Disk Scheduling:
• The disk scheduling algorithm is determined by the
unique use case, workload, and system
requirements. Some algorithms prioritize seeking
time reduction, whereas others prioritize fairness
and preventing request starvation.

• Modern operating systems frequently utilize


sophisticated disk scheduling algorithms and
approaches to balance these opposing aims and
optimize disk I/O performance.
CPU Management
Task Scheduling:

• The operating system is responsible for dividing up


the available CPU time across various applications or
activities.

• It makes use of scheduling techniques to decide


which processes have access to the CPU and when
they do. Round-robin, priority-based, and other
scheduling techniques are used.
Memory Management
• Memory Allocation:
The operating system (OS) is responsible for
allocating memory (RAM) to processes and
ensuring that their memory spaces do not overlap.

It keeps track of which memory locations are


available and which are not and assigns
memory segments to processes as needed.
Virtual Memory:
Virtual memory extends physical memory by
employing disk storage as an extension. Processes
may call for more memory than is physically
accessible.
It entails allocating and releasing memory to
processes, as well as assuring efficient use of both
physical and virtual memory.
Memory Protection:
The OS imposes memory protection features to
prevent one process from accessing or corrupting
memory used by another.
These methods confine processes to the
Functions of an Operating System
Memory Management
• The operating system manages the Primary Memory or
Main Memory.
• Main memory is made up of a large array of bytes or
words where each byte or word is assigned a certain
address.
Processor Management
• In a multi-programming environment, the OS decides the
order in which processes have access to the processor,
and how much processing time each process has.
• This function of OS is called Process Scheduling. An
Operating System performs the following activities for
Processor Management.
Device Management
An OS manages device communication via its respective drivers. It performs the
following activities for device management.

• Keeps track of all devices connected to the system. Designates a program


responsible for every device known as the Input/Output controller.
• Decide which process gets access to a certain device and for how long.
• Allocates devices effectively and efficiently. Deallocates devices when they are no
longer required.
• There are various input and output devices. An OS controls the working of these
input-output devices.
• It receives the requests from these devices, performs a specific task, and
communicates back to the requesting process.
File Management
• A file system is organized into directories
for efficient or easy navigation and
usage. These directories may contain
other directories and other files. An
Operating System carries out the
following file management activities.
I/O Management
• I/O management is the important function of
operating system refers to how the OS
handles input and output operations between the
computer and external devices, such as keyboards,
mice, printers, hard drives, and monitors
Booting the Computer
• The process of starting or restarting the computer is
known as booting. If the computer is switched off
completely and if turned on then it is called cold
booting. Warm booting is a process of using the
operating system to restart the computer.

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