BOX PLOTS

WHAT IS BOX PLOTS?

• In descriptive statistics, a box plot or boxplot is a

method for graphically demonstrating the locality,
spread and skewness groups of numerical data
through their quartiles.
• Box plots are also called box-and-whisker plots. A
box plot is a graphical representation of the
following five values of set of data.
 THE FIVE NUMBER SUMMARY

1. Minimum Value – smallest value in the set of

data.
2. First Quartile – the median of the first half of the
set of data.
3. Second Quartile/Median – the second quartile of
the set of data.
4. Third Quartile – the median of the second half of
the set of data.
THE DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATE THE POSITION OF THE
FIVE SUMMARY

Minimu Maximu
Q1 Media Q3 m Value
m Value
n

2 4 6 8 10 12 1 1
4 6
 THE DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATE THE POSITION OF THE
FIVE SUMMARY

- Part of the box-and-whiskers plot above is a

box which goes from the first quartile () to the third
quartile (). A vertical segment is drawn within the
box at or the median. From the ends of the box are
two horizontal segments’ drawn parallel to the
number line. These are the whiskers. The first
whisker is a segment drawn from the end of the
box to the minimum value and the second whisker
is a segment drawn from the other end of the box
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE FIVE-NUMBER SUMMARY
IN THE ABOVE ILLUSTRATION.

1. Minimum Value = 4
2. = 6
3. / Median = 10
4. = 12
5. Maximum Value = 16
 THE FOLLOWING MEASURES OF VARIABILITY OR
SPREAD ARE DISPLAYED:

1. Range – the difference between the maximum

and the minimum values.
Formula:
Range = Maximum Value – Minimum Value
= 16 – 4
= 12
Conclusion:
Therefore the range is 12.
 THE FOLLOWING MEASURES OF VARIABILITY OR
SPREAD ARE DISPLAYED:

2. Interquartile range (IQR) – the difference

between the third quartile () and the first quartile
().
Formula:
IQR = –
= 12 – 6
=6
Conclusion:
BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR
UNGROUP DATA
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

The Following Math Scores:

65, 81, 60, 95, 68, 85, 77, 92, 90, 91
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

Step 1. Arrange the scores in ascending order. Then

number them consecutively from 1 to n.
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

Number Scores

1 - 60
2 - 65
3 - 68
4 - 77
5 - 81
6 - 85
7 - 90
8 - 91
9 - 92
10 - 95
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

Step 2. Determine the Five-Number Summary

a. Compute for first quartile

Formula:
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the first quartile in the math scores is 68
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

b. Compute for the second quartile or the median.

Formula:
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

Conclusion:
Therefore or the median of the math scores is 83.
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

c. Compute for the third quartile

Formula:
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

Solution:

Conclusion: Therefore
Quartile 3 is 91.
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

d. Determine the minimum value

Minimum value = 60

e. Determine the maximum value

Maximum value = 95
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:

Step 3. Construct the box-and-whiskers plots based on

the following Five-Number Summary which were
determine by step 2.
1. Minimum value = 60
2. First Quartile = 68
3. Median = 83
4. Third Quartile = 91
5. Maximum value = 95
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING MATH SCORES:
OUTLIERS
 OUTLIERS

• Sometimes there are data that are numerically too far

from the rest of the data. These data are called
outliers. The following formulas are used to
determine whether or not datum is an outlier.
1. Lower Fence = - 1.5x(IQR)
2. Upper Fence = - 1.5x(IQR)
 OUTLIERS

• Any datum outside these fences is considered an

outlier. An outlier is plotted separately as a point
away from the endpoints of the whiskers.
• Sometimes, some data are too extreme. To
determine these extreme values, use the following
formulas:
1. Fence for extreme values1 =
2. Fence for extreme values2 =
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

The Following Set of Scores:

37, 8, 34, 37, 46, 40, 49, 30, 42, 48, 42
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

Number Scores
1 - 8
2 - 30
3 - 34
4 - 37
5 - 37
6 - 40
7 - 42
8 - 42
9 - 46
10 - 48
11 - 49
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

• Notice that is odd. is also an odd number.

 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

 Step 2. Determine the Five-Number Summary

a. Compute for the first quartile
Formula:
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the first quartile is to 34.
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

Formula:
b. Compute for the second quartile or median.
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the or median is 40.
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

c. Compute for Quartile 3

Formula:
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the Quartile 3 is 46
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

d. Solve for the Lower and Upper Fences

• First, solve for the Interquartile range.
Solution:
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

• Lower Fence
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

• Upper Fence

Since 8 is outside the Lower Fence, it is an outlier. It

cannot be part of the whisker.

The minimum value excluding the outlier is 30.

CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

• Determine the maximum value.

Maximum value = 49
 CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.

Step 3. Construct the box-and-whisker plot based on

the following five-number summary which were
determine in by step 2.
1. Minimum value excluding the outlier = 30
2. Q1 = 34
3. Q2 = 40
4. Q3 = 46
5. Maximum Value = 49
CONSTRUCT A BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT FOR THE
FOLLOWING SET OF SCORES.
COMPARISON OF TWO OR
MORE SETS OF DATA
 COMPARISON OF TWO OR MORE
SETS OF DATA

Two or more sets of data can be compared using box-

and whisker plots.
EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.
Number Mathematics English
1 75 60
2 78 61
3 79 62
4 80 64
5 81 78
6 82 82
7 83 84
8 85 87
9 87 90
10 88 91
11 89 92
12 90 93
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS
IN GRADE 10 MATHEMATICS AND
ENGLISH.

• There are 12 scores in each set and 12 is evenly

divisible 4.
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Step 1. Determine the Five-Number Summary.

a. Compute for Q1
Formula:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Solution 1:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Solution 2:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For Math:

Solution:
3rd score = 79 4th score = 80
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For English:

Solution:
3rd score = 62 4th score = 64
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

b. Compute for Q2 or Median.

Formula:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Solution 1:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Solution 2:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For Math:
6th score = 82 7th score = 83
Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the quartile 2 or median for math is 82.5.
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For English:
6th score = 82 7th score = 84
Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the quartile 2 or median for English is 83.
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

c. Compute for Q3.

Formula:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Solution 1:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Solution 2:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For Math:
9th score = 87 10th score = 88
Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the Quartile 3 for math is 87.5.
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For English:
9th score = 90 10th score = 91
Solution:

Conclusion:
Therefore the Quartile 3 for english is 90.5.
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

d. Solve for the Lower and Upper Fences.

For Math:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For Math:
• Lower Fence =
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For Math:
• Upper Fence =

Conclusion:
There are no outliers.
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For English:
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For English:
• Lower Fence =
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

For English:
• Upper Fence =

Conclusion:
There are no outliers.
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

e. Determine the minimum value.

For Math = 75
For English = 60

f. Determine the maximum value.

For Math = 90
For English = 93
 EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE 10
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.

Step 2. Construct the box-and-whiskers plot based on

the Five-number Summary for each subject.
Five-Number Mathematics English
Summary
Minimum Value 75 60

Q1 79.5 63

Q2 or Median 82.5 83

Q4 87.5 90.5

Minimum Value 90 93
EXAMPLE: SCORES OF 12 STUDENTS IN GRADE
10 MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH.