OOPS

 Object-Oriented Programming or Java OOPs concept refers to

programming languages that use objects in programming.
 Object means a real-world entity such as a mobile, book, table, computer,
watch, etc. Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology to design a
program using classes and objects.
 What is Java
 Java is a high-level, general-purpose, object-oriented, and secure programming
language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, Inc. in 1991.
 It is formally known as OAK. In 1995, Sun Microsystem changed the name to
Java. In 2009.
 Java is a popular object-oriented programming language that enables programmers
to create code that can run on any device that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
 Strong typing, automatic memory management a large library of standard libraries,
and other features make it a popular choice for developing online services,
 Android mobile apps, enterprise-level applications, and more. Its broad popularity
across multiple industries can be attributed to its strong security features,
Editions of Java
 Each edition of Java has different capabilities.
1. Java Standard Editions (JSE): It is used to create programs for a desktop
computer.
2. Java Enterprise Edition (JEE): It is used to create large programs that run on the
server and manages heavy traffic and complex transactions.
3. Java Micro Edition (JME): It is used to develop applications for small devices
such as set-top boxes, phone, and appliances.
4. Java Card: It is a specialized edition of Java designed for smart cards and other
small-memory devices, enabling secure elements in devices like SIM cards and
credit cards.
5. JavaFX: JavaFX is a platform for creating Rich internet applications (RIAs) and is
often considered alongside Java SE for desktop and web application development.
It provides tools for building user interfaces and multimedia content.
Java Platform
 Java Platform is a collection of programs. It helps to develop and run a program written in
the Java programming language. Java Platform includes an execution engine, a compiler
and set of libraries. Java is a platform-independent language.
1. Java Virtual Machine (JVM): The JVM is a component of the Java Platform, responsible
for executing Java bytecode. JVM implementations are available for different platforms,
allowing Java programs to run on diverse systems without modification.
2. Java Development Kit (JDK): The JDK is a software development kit that includes the
necessary tools for developing Java applications. It consists of the Java compiler (javac),
the Java runtime environment (JRE), and various development tools such as the debugger,
and documentation generator. The JDK also includes the Java API (Application
Programming Interface) documentation,
3. Java Standard Libraries: Java Platform provides a rich set of standard libraries known as
the Java Standard Edition (Java SE) API. These libraries offer a wide range of functionality
for tasks such as input/output operations, networking, data manipulation, concurrency,
and graphical user interface (GUI) development. By leveraging these libraries, developers
can build and feature-rich Java applications with minimal effort.
Features of Java
 Simple: Java is a simple language because its syntax is simple,
clean, and easy to understand. Complex and concepts of C++ are
either eliminated or re-implemented in Java.
 Object-Oriented: In Java, everything is in the form of the object. It means it
has some data and behavior. A program must have at least one class and
object.
 Robust: Java makes an effort to check error at run time and compile time. It
uses a strong memory management system called garbage collector. Exception
handling and garbage collection features make it strong.
 Garbage collection in Java is the automated process of deleting code that's no
longer needed or used. This automatically frees up memory space and ideally
makes coding Java apps easier for developers. Java applications are compiled
into bytecode that may be executed by a JVM
1. Secure: Java is a secure programming language because it has no
explicit pointer and programs runs in the virtual machine. Java
contains a security manager that defines the access of Java classes.
2. Platform-Independent: Java provides a that code writes once and
run anywhere. This byte code is platform-independent and can be run
on any machine.
 Multi-threaded: Java also supports multi-threading. It means handling more than one job
at a time. Multithreading is essential for building responsive and scalable applications, such
as web servers, where multiple clients need to be serviced concurrently.
 Dynamic: Java supports dynamic loading of classes and dynamic memory allocation,
enabling features such as reflection and runtime type information. Reflection allows
programs to examine or modify their own structure and behavior at runtime, facilitating
advanced meta-programming techniques.
 Scalable: Java's scalable architecture makes it suitable for developing applications
ranging from small utilities to large-scale enterprise systems. Its modular design
encourages code organization and reusability, making it easier to manage and maintain
complex projects over time.