E L E M E N T S

F A M I L Y
P E R I O D
M E T A L S
G R O U P
 8th Grade

PERIODIC TABLE
OF
ELEMENTS
LINKS FOR YOUTUBE VIDEOS:

https://youtu.be/-I7l8TgtuLQ?si=_
kD_dCwQev8rJ096 (The New Periodic Table Song)

https://
youtu.be/QA4cFCfoj7c?si=diHz4nq7LQQQ1K7T
(Groups and Period Song)
Based on the second song, how are the
Questions:
groups or families arranged? How about the
periods?
What does the period number tells?
What does the group or family number
tells?
Based on the song, what are the elements
belong in the noble gases?
What are the elements belong in the alkali
metals?
What are the elements belong in the
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

 trace the development of the periodic table from

observations based on similarities in the
properties of the elements;
 identify the groups and periods of the element;
 describe metal, nonmetals, and metalloids; and
 use the periodic table of elements to predict the
chemical behavior of an element.
 Early Attempts of Classifying the
Elements
He1817,
In observed that the
German
atomic mass
chemist of the
Johann
middle element
Wolfgang was
Dobereiner
approximately
noticed equal
that certain
to the average
groups mass
of elements
of thesimilar
with heaviest and
the lightest element.
properties seemed to
These groups of
come in groups
elements were called
of
three.
However, Dobreiner’s classification was not
widely accepted because of the following
limitations:

1.Not all known elements during Dobreiner’s

time could be arranged into triads.
2.It was possible to group together elements
with dissimilar properties such as carbon,
nitrogen, and oxygen.
3.Dobreiner was only able to successfully
identify three triads.
In 1864, English
chemist John
Newlands
proposed a new
arrangement of
the elements
based on his law
of octaves, which
is inspired by the
musical octave.
Newlands
observed that
when elements
were arranged in
increasing atomic
mass, every eight
element had
similar properties.
 Newlands’ Law of Octaves
Limitations:
1. Only element 2. Newland
with low atomic proposed his law
mass (up to of octaves with
calcium) adhered the assumption
to the law of that only 56
octaves. elements existed.
 Newlands’ Law of Octaves
Limitations:
3. The elements
cobalt and nickel, 4. Newlands’
which have different table of elements
properties, were was not able to
placed in the same account for, nor
position to allow predict, the
other existing existence of
elements to fit in
the model.
noble gases.
 With the limitations of the law of
octaves, Russian chemist Dmitri
Mendeleev and German chemist
Lothar Meyer sought to find an
arrangement of the elements that
was consistent with the empirical
data available at that time.
Mendeleev’s periodic
table contained gaps
and question marks,
which represented
elements that
Mendeleev predicted
to exist but were not
yet discovered at
that time.
 Later, in 1913, the experiments
physicists Henry Mosley on the X-ray
emissions of elements revealed that
atomic number, rather than atomic
mass, determines the periodic
properties of the elements.
ARRANGEMENT
OF
ELEMENTS
Horizontal rows of the periodic table are
called periods.
AWESOM
E WORDS
Vertical columns of the periodic table are
called groups or families.
AWESOM
E WORDS
Features of
Groups or
Families of
Elements
Group 1: Alkali Metals

Form cations with +1 charge.

Generally exist as soft, shiny
solids.
Good conductors of heat and
electricity because of their metallic
nature.
Have relatively lower densities and
melting points.
Extremely reactive with water.
Group 2: Alkali Earth Metals

Form cations with +2 charge.

Shiny solids and are relatively
harder than alkali metals.
Can conduct heat and electricity
Denser and have higher melting
and boiling points.
Group 3 to 12: Transition Elements
 Collectively called transition metals and
mostly exist as hard and shiny solids.

 Have high thermal and electrical

conductivity.

 Dense substances with high melting

points.

 Unlike Group 1 and Group 2, transition

TWO COLUMNS

LITHIUM
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon

BERYLLIUM
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a
poisonous atmosphere
Group 13: Boron Group

Also called earth metals.

Form +3 cation
The properties of Group 13
elements are diverse and
intermediate between those of
metals and nonmetals.
Group 14: Carbon Group

Called as tetrels because of their

ability to carry a charge of -4.
Their atoms have the ability to
form a network of chemical bonds,
which imparts unique properties to
the materials they compose.
Carbon is widely present in both
living and nonliving things.
Group 15: Nitrogen Group

Also called as pnictogens, tend to

become anions with a charge of -3.
Have properties that are
intermediate between those of
metals and nonmetals.
Group 16: Oxygen Group

Known as chalcogens
Tend to acquire an ionic charge of -
2.
Properties are diverse, changing
from nonmetallic to metallic as the
element goes down the group.
Group 17: Halogens
Nonmetallic elements that are
highly reactive with metals.
Form ions with a charge of -1.
Do not exist in their elemental form
in nature.
Most reactive halogen is fluorine,
and the least reactive is astatine.
Poor conductors of heat and
electricity.
Low boiling points and melting
Group 18: Noble Gases

Most stable elements that typically

exist as monatomic gases.
Arguably the least reactive
Colorless, odorless, and
nonflammable under standard
conditions.
Have very low melting and boiling
points.
METALS

Most of the elements are metals which are

solids at room temperature except for
mercury.
NONMETALS

Nonmetals may be solids, liquids, or gases.

METALLOIDS

Exhibit properties of metals and nonmetals. The

seven elements commonly regarded as metalloids
are Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and Po.
s, p, d, and f Blocks

The s and p block element are called

representative elements.
s, p, d, and f Blocks

The d block elements are the transition metals,

whereas the f-block elements are the inner
transition metals.
The Missing Element
PRACTICE EXERCISE #1
DIRECTION:
Fill in the missing information
below by using the Periodic
Table of Elements.
Elemen Symbo Group Period Identify if Metal
t Name l Numbe Numbe (M), Nonmetal
r r (NM), or Metalloid
(Met)
B 13 2 Met
Boron
Gold 11 6 M
Au
14 5 M
Tin Sn
He 18 1 NM
Helium
Neo 18 2 NM
n Ne
Calcium 2 4 M
1. Which of the following does
NOT belong to the same period?

A. Ag
B. Co
C. I
D. Xe
2. Which of the following belongs to
the same family of element
Phosphorus?

A. Carbon
B. Magnesium
C. Nitrogen
D. Oxygen
3. In what period is
Manganese located?

A. four
B. nine
C. seven
D. two
4. The following group belong
to the same group EXCEPT?

A. Argon
B. Calcium
C. Helium
D. Krypton
5. Which term is used to the
vertical columns of the periodic
table?

A. group
B. line
C. rows
D. table
6. What are Group 1 elements
known as?

A. Alkali metals
B. Transition metals
C. Representative elements
D. Inner transition metals
7. In which period and group is
Silver (Ag) located?

A. Period 2, Group 1
B. Period 3, Group 8
C. Period 4, Group 2
D. Period 5, Group 11
8. Most of the elements are metals
which are solids at room
temperature EXCEPT?

A. Gold
B. Mercury
C. Iron
D. Aluminum
9. The following elements belong
to metalloids EXCEPT?

A. Antimony
B. Polonium
C. Astatine
D. Silicon
10. Which metal is most reactive
with water?

A. Sodium
B. Livermorium
C. Cobalt
D. Barium
11. It is an element that has the
properties of metals and
nonmetals?

A. Metalloids
B. Non-malleable
C. Metallic
D. Malleable
12. How are elements arranged
in Periodic Table?

A. increasing atomic radii

B. increasing atomic masses
C. increasing atomic numbers
D. decreasing atomic masses
13. Who is the proponent of law
of octaves?

A. Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

B. John Newland
C. Dmitri Mendeleev
D. Henry Mosley
14. Why was Dobereiner’s classification of
elements was not widely accepted?

A. His table of elements was not able to account

for, nor predict, the existence of noble gases?
B. Not all known elements during his time could
be arranged into triads.
C. Only element with low atomic mass (up to
calcium) adhered to the law of octaves.
D. The elements cobalt and nickel, which have
different properties, were placed in the same
position to allow other existing elements to fit in
15. Who compared the
arrangement of elements in
increasing atomic mass to a
musical octave?

A. Dobereiner
B. Mendeleev
C. Moseley
16. How many elements are listed
in the modern periodic table?

A. 110
B. 115
C. 118
D. 120
17. Who revealed that atomic
number, rather than atomic mass,
determines the periodic properties
of the elements?

A. Meyer
B. Mendeleev
C. Moseley
D. Newland
18. How many periods does the
modern periodic table have?

A. 7
B. 18
C. 25
D. 30
19. Which among the elements is a
chalcogen?

A. Aluminum
B. Phosphorus
C. Silicon
D. Sulfur
20. What are the first two elements
in the periodic table based on
increasing atomic number?

A. Helium and Lithium

B. Hydrogen and Helium
C. Hydrogen and Lithium
D. Lithium and Beryllium