ES 202 - Introduction to Computers and Programming in C

Dr. Kanta Prasad Sharma ( K P Sharma)

Associate Professor –CSE
Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Greater Noida Campus
+91 9760 207629
 Faculty Profile
Greater Noida Campus Academic Highlights
 Ph.D. – Information Technology
 Industrial Training- UI Path Automation
 Industrial Training – Global Logic – Full Stack
 Books Published : 5
Experience
14 Years as academics &Innovative Research
Research Highlights

 SCI :18 [ WOS -H Index :08] & WCIF – 01.02

 Scopus : 42 [Scopus- H Index : 12]

 Citations : 454 [ H- 11 & I- 13 ]

Dr. Kanta Prasad Sharma
Associate Professor (CSE)  Research Gate : 9.9 [ H- 8]
Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Official : Faculty Cabin - 413 ( IV Floor,)
Amity University – G –Noida Campus  Patents :15 [ Published :18 ,Grant:10]
+91 9760 20 7629 Members
 MODULE - IV
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Outlines
Introduction to Arrays
Array Declaration
Array Initialization
Accessing Array Elements
Array Operations
Traversing
Searching
Multidimensional Arrays
Memory Allocation for Arrays
Applications of Arrays
 Array Introdection
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Definition:

collection of elements of the same data type stored in

• An array is a
contiguous memory locations.
• Array is a linear data structure where all elements are arranged
sequentially.

Purpose:
Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable through a single name.
 Array Declaration
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Syntax:
data_type
array_name[array_size];
Example:
int numbers[5];
 Array Initialization
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At Declaration:
int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Partial Initialization:
int numbers[5] = {1, 2};
 Array Initialization
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Run-time Initialization:
Void main()
{
int numbers[5];
for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &numbers[i]);
}
 Access the Elements Array
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Access an array element, refer to its index number.

Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first element. [1] is the second element, etc.
Example
Void main ()
{
int myNumbers[]= {25, 50, 75, 100};
printf("%d", myNumbers[0]);
}
 Access the Elements Array
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
OUTPUT
{
???
int arr[5] = { 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 };
printf("Element at arr[2]: %d\n", arr[2]);
printf("Element at arr[4]: %d\n", arr[4]);
printf("Element at arr[0]: %d", arr[0]);
}
 Change the Elements Array
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change the value of a specific element, refer  to the index number

Example
Void main ()
{
int myNumbers[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
myNumbers[0] = 33;
printf("%d", myNumbers[0]);
}
 Change the Elements Array
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Change the value of a specific element using Loop to the index number
Example
Void main()
{
int i, myNumbers[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", myNumbers[i]);
}
}
 Array Traversing
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Traversal is the process in which we visit every element of the data structure.
For C array traversal, we use loops to iterate through each element of the array.
 Array Traversing
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{ OUTPUT
int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 }; ???
arr[2] = 100;
printf("Elements in Array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
}
 Array Types
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1D
2D
MD
 Array Types
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#include <stdio.h>

VOID main()
{
1D
char arr[6] = { ‘D’, ‘R’, ‘R’, ‘A’, ‘M’, ‘,’\0' };

2D
int i = 0;
while (arr[i])
{

MD
printf("%c", arr[i++]);
}
printf(“ Thank you “ );
}
 Array Types
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Syntax
array_name[size1] [size2];

size1: Size of the first dimension  row.

size2: Size of the second dimension column.

 Array Types
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[2][3] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 };
printf("2D Array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf("%d ",arr[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
 Array Types
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int matrix[2][3] = { {1, 4, 2}, {3, 6, 8} };

• The first dimension represents the number of rows [2],
• while the second dimension represents the number of columns [3].
• The values are placed in row-order, and can be visualized like this:
 Array Types
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 Access Elements of 2D Array
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int matrix[2][3] = { {1, 4, 2}, {3, 6, 8} };
printf("%d", matrix[0][2]);
}
 Change Elements of 2D Array
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int matrix[2][3] = { {1, 4, 2}, {3, 6, 8} };
matrix[0][0] = 9;
printf("%d", matrix[0][0]);
}
 Change Elements of 2D Array
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int matrix[2][3] = { {1, 4, 2}, {3, 6, 8} };
matrix[0][0] = 9;
printf("%d", matrix[0][0]);
}
 Traversing Elements Through Loop
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int matrix[2][3] = { {1, 4, 2}, {3, 6, 8} };
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf("%d\n", matrix[i][j]);
}
}
}
 Traversing Elements Through Loop
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[3][2] = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 }, { 4, 5 } };
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
printf("arr[%d][%d]: %d ", i, j, arr[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
 3 D Array
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Type arr_name [row] [depth]

[column];
 Initialization 3 D Array
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int arr[2][3][2] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9,

10, 11}

int arr[2][3][2] = { { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 3 }, { 4,
5 } },
{ { 6, 7 }, { 8, 9 }, { 10, 11 } } };.
 Initialization 3 D Array
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Row Major Order

Column Major Order
 Traversing 3 D Array
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#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[2][3][2] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
{
printf("%d ", arr[i][j][k]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
 Traversing 3 D Array
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[2][3][2] = { { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 3 }, { 4, 5 } },{ { 6, 7 }, { 8, 9 }, { 10, 11 } } };
For (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
{
for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
{
printf(“\n arr[%i][%i][%i] = %d ", i, j, k, arr[i][j][k]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}
 Traversing 3 D Array
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[2][3][2] = { { { 1, 1 }, { 2, 3 }, { 4, 5 } },{ { 6, 7 }, { 8, 9 }, { 10, 11 } } };
For (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
{
for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
{
printf(“\n arr[%i][%i][%i] = %d ", i, j, k, arr[i][j][k]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}
 Traversing 3 D Array
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[2][3][2] = { { {0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5} },{ {6, 7}, {8, 9}, {10, 11} }};
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
{
printf(“\n%d ", arr[i][j][k]);
}
}
printf("\n");
}
}
 Array String
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char arr[3][10] = {“AMITY", “VIT", “BHU"};
printf("String array Elements are:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
printf("%s\n", arr[i]);
}
return 0;
}
 Array String
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<string.h> #include <string.h>

strlen()  Returns the length of the string

strupr( )Converts a given string to uppercase
strlwr( )convert a given string into lowercase.
strcpy() Copy one string to another.
strcat() Concatenates two strings.
strcmp()Compares two strings.
strstr()Find the given substring in the string
strtok()Split the given string into tokens based on some character as a delimiter.
 Array String
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#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

int main()
{
char str[ ] = “AMITY UNIVERSITY";
int length =strlen(str);
printf("%s\n",strlwr (str));
printf(“ Length of string: %d”, length);

return 0;
}
 Array String
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char str1[20] = “AMITY";
char str2[20];
char str3[15]=“University”
strcpy(str2, str1);
puts(str2);
strcat(str1,str3);
printf(“\n”);
puts(str2);
}