Pair of Straight Line
Maj Maimonul Karim Chowdhury
Instructor CL ‘B’ ,
Dept. Sc & Hum, MIST
Pair of straight line
In intermediate level, you studied a chapter called “The
Straight Line” where we always talked about single line.
But now we’ll discuss about the combined equation of
two lines; in this chapter we always deal with two lines
together; i.e., Pair of Straight Lines.
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINE
If u = 0 and v = 0 are two equation of st. lines, then their joint equation or combined
equations are uv = 0.
For example,
x+y = 0 ----------------- (1)
3x- y = 0 ----------------- (2)
Represents two st. lines separately, then the joint equation of these two lines are
represented by the equation
(x+y) (3x- y) = 0 or
3x2-2xy-y2 = 0. ----------------- (3)
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINE
Note:
• As the straight lines represented by (1) and (2) goes
through origin, then the pair of straight lines represented
by (3) also goes through origin.
•Equation (3) is also called Homogeneous Quadratic
Equation.
•The Homogeneous Quadratic Equation always represents
a pair of straight lines passing through origin.
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINE
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINE
Let’s Do an Example…
Non Homogeneous Quadratic
Equation
General Second Degree Equation
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINE
To find the condition that the general equation of the second degree:
Proof:
………. (1) May represent two straight lines.
If we can break the left-hand members of (1) into two factors, each of the first degree,
then, it will represent two straight lines.
If a be not zero, multiply equation (1) by a and arrange in powers of x; it then becomes
On completing the square on the left hand we have
+
i.e.
From (2) we cannot obtain x in terms of y, involving only terms of the First degree, unless
the quantity under the radical sign be a perfect square.
The condition for this is
i.e. -2afgh + ab
Cancelling and dividing by a, we have the required
condition, viz.
General Second Degree Equation (1)
Proof of the theorem…
Please Memorize …
PROBLEMS
Prove that the equation 7xy -10y-35=0 represents two
straight lines and find the angle between them?
Sl-1 p-97
What is represented by the locus
Sl-1 p-102
Obtain the condition that one of the straight lines given by
the equation may coincide with one of those given by the equation
Prove that two of the straight lines represented by the
equation it will be right angles if
sl-3 p-104
PROBLEMS
Find the value of h so that the equation 6may
represent two straight lines.
Assignment
Pair of St Lines- 5
Example 1, 3, 7, 11, 16
S.L Lony : Example 2(page-102)
EXERCISE – V(RB)
5, 7, 8, 14, 17, 20, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36,
44, 48, 49, 52
S.L Lony : 32,33
Exercise 7-: Prove that the equation 2y2+3xy-5y-6x+2 =
0 represents pair of st. lines; also find the point of
intersection and angle between them.
Example-3: If the pair of st. lines x2-2axy-y2 = 0 and x2+2bxy-
y2 = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angle between
other pair, prove that ab = -1.
Example-7: Prove that the straight lines represented by the
equation ax 2 2hxy by 2 2 gx 2 fy c 0
will be equidistant from the origin, if f 4 g 4 c bf 2 ag 2
Exercise-30: Show that the pair of straight line joining the
origin O to the intersection A and B of the line lx+my=1
with the conic ax2+by2=1 has the equation
a l x
2 2
2lmxy b m y 0
2 2
Example 16/Exercise-17: If two straight lines represented
by the equation
x 2
tan 2
cos 2
2 xy tan y 2
sin 2
0
makes an angle α and β with x-axis respectively, then
show that tan tan 2
Exercise-49: If one of the straight line given by the
equation ax 2 2hxy by 2 0 is perpendicular with one
of those given by , a1 x 2 2h1 xy b1 y 2 0
then prove that aa1 bb1 2 4 ha1 h1b h1a hb1 0
