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Module 2 Epicenter and Focus

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9 views

Module 2 Epicenter and Focus

Uploaded by

janueldefeo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2

“Earthquake
Epicenter
and Focus”
Objectives
Differentiate the epicenter of an
earthquake from its focus using
model
You have learned from the past module how
fault is formed and how movements along
fault generate earthquakes. Faults are
fractures in rocks along which movement has
occurred. Some faults may cause the ground
to crack, rise, or lower. Earthquakes are
associated with faults.

When a fault suddenly moves, an earthquake


occurs. There were models or illustrations used
to show how movements along faults generate
earthquakes. In this module, you will know the
difference between theepicenter of an
earthquake from its focus using models.
PRE-TEST
Which of the following describe the epicenter of an earthquake?

a. The location where the energy of the earthquake travel.

b. The location where motion in an earthquake is detected last.

c. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s


focus.
d. The location along a fault where the first motion of an
earthquake occurs.
PRE-TEST
Which of the following describe the epicenter of an earthquake?

c. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s


focus.
PRE-TEST
Which of the following statement correctly identifies the focus and
epicenter of
an earthquake in the given illustration?

a. Point A is the focus and Point B is the epicenter.

b. Point A is the epicenter and Point C is the focus

c. Point A is the epicenter and Point B is the focus.

d. Point A is the focus and Point C is the epicenter.


PRE-TEST
Which of the following statement correctly identifies the focus and
epicenter of
an earthquake in the given illustration?

c. Point A is the epicenter and Point B is the focus.


PRE-TEST
An earthquake’s source of energy is located at the _____________, but the
location at the land surface above that point is called the ______________.

a. epicenter, focus c. focus, epicenter

b. fault, hypocenter d. hypocenter, fault


PRE-TEST
An earthquake’s source of energy is located at the _____________, but the
location at the land surface above that point is called the ______________.

a. epicenter, focus
PRE-TEST
Which of the following best describes the location of earthquake
epicenter and
focus?
Epicenter Focus

a point on the Earth's surface located


place where the fault begins to slip
directly above the focus
b origin of the earthquake where the first movement occurs

c the point where the edges of the plates give


point within Earth where a way resulting in sudden movement which
tremble rupture starts causes
earthquake
d point where the rocks break lies over the center of the quake
PRE-TEST
Which of the following best describes the location of earthquake
epicenter and
focus?
Epicenter Focus

a point on the Earth's surface located


place where the fault begins to slip
directly above the focus
PRE-TEST
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the focus and
epicenter of
an earthquake?
a. The focus is the point on the surface directly below the epicenter while
epicenter is the point where fault “slip” is initiated.

b. The focus is the point on the surface directly above the epicenter while
epicenter is the point where fault “slip” is initiated

c. The focus is the point where fault “slip” is initiated while epicenter is the
point on the fault directly beneath the focus.

d. The focus is the point where fault “slip” is initiated while epicenter is the
point on the surface directly above the focus.
PRE-TEST
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the focus and
epicenter of
an earthquake?

d. The focus is the point where fault “slip” is initiated while epicenter is the
point on the surface directly above the focus.
Activity
1
Press ‘n’ Slide
Materials:
tissue paper/newspaper or any soft paper
Procedure:
1. Get a piece of tissue paper/newspaper or any soft paper.
2. Lay it flat on top of a table or any flat surface.
3. Lay your hands on the paper, palms down, with hands
touching each other.
4. Press with both hands and then push the right hand
forward and pull the lefthand back toward you.
Press ‘n’ Slide
Answer the following questions:
1. What happens to the tissue paper/newspaper or
any soft paper?
2. Which is the “fault” in this setup?
3. How is fault formed?
4. How do movements along fault formed
earthquakes?
Press ‘n’ Slide
Answer the following questions:
1. What happens to the tissue paper/newspaper or any soft
paper?
Answer: The paper towel will tear similar to a fault

2. Which is the “fault” in this setup?


Answer: The faults are the boundary between
cuts/tears on a paper towel

3. How is fault formed?


Answer: Faults are caused by earth stresses

4. How do movements along fault formed earthquakes?


Answer: Earthquakes are caused when faults slip
abruptly. The energy from the inside the Earth makes the
ground move, once resistance is overcome, a fault slips
producing earthquakes
A fault is formed in the Earth's crust as a
stiff
reaction to stress (push-and-pull action).
The stress may cause the rocks to twist
or tear apart. The surface where the
rocks break or tear apart is called fault.
You need these concepts for you to
better understand our lesson in this
module.
To have an idea about the
epicenter and focus of an
earthquake kindly read the
news article about an
earthquake that hits Northern
Philippines and answer the
questions that follow.
Questions:
1. Where is the epicenter of the
earthquake?

2. Where is the focus of the


earthquake located?

3. What do you think is the difference


between the earthquake epicenter
from its
focus?
Questions:
1. Where is the epicenter of the
earthquake?
Answer: The epicenter of the earthquake
was located near Castillejos, Zambales.

2. Where is the focus of the


earthquake located?
Answer: The focus was 10km depth

3. What do you think is the difference


between the earthquake epicenter
from its
focus? Answer: The epicenter of an earthquake refers to the
location/point on the surface above the origin of the
earthquake, while focus is located below the surface, it is the
first point of movement along a fault where all earthquake
Where Does an
Earthquake
Activity
Start 1
Material Needed:
fault model
Procedure:

1. Using the model you’ve made in the previous module, draw a vertical
straight
line from the focus to the upper surface of the model.

2. Mark with a dot the place where you expect the line to come out and label it
as “epicenter”.

Figure 1. (Left) The fault model of two parts that fit together
(Right) The flat surface between the two parts represents the
fault plane.
Questions:
1. Where can you find the focus of an
earthquake?
2. Where is the epicenter of an
earthquake located?
3. What is the difference between
earthquake epicenter and focus?
Questions:
1. Where can you find the focus of an
earthquake?

Answer: The focus can be found


beneath the Earth’s surface. It is
the place where the first break
happens, where the fault starts to
slip, where first movement takes
place. It is the starting point of
the earthquake
Questions:
2. Where is the epicenter of an
earthquake located?

Answer: The epicenter is on the


surface of the Earth directly above
the focus
Questions:
3. What is the difference between
earthquake epicenter and focus?

Answer: The epicenter is the point


on the surface of the earth
directly above the focus while
focus is the location where the
earthquake begins
Let’s Understand
You have learned from our previous lesson that an
earthquake is a quick motion or shaky produced by
a release of strain accumulated within or along the
edge of Earth’s tectonic plates

Faulting is the most common cause of earthquake


in which energy is released as the rocks break
and move, when they do, they cause nearby
rocks to move also. The rocks continue to move
until the energy is used up. Figure 2 shows that
the epicenter of an earthquake is directly above
its focus. The focus of an earthquake is
the point within Earth where a tremble rupture
starts. It is usually located at depths of about 670
km below the surface, while its epicenter is the
point at the surface directly above the focus.
Let’s Understand

Geologists have to trace the earthquake focus


and epicenter. The closer the focus of an
earthquake to the surface, the greater its
damage. While an earthquake
is normally utmost severe at its epicenter, a
strong one may cause damage several hundreds
of kilometers from the epicenter. The
earthquake’s location is a significant
indicator of the damage it may cause.
Activity 2
Read each paragraph about the earthquakes in the Philippines, then write
the information needed to complete the table
Activity 2
Activity 2

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